Influence of Inclusion of Apatite-based Microparticles on Osteogenic Cell Pheonotype and Behavior
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MRS Advances © 2018 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2018.493
Influence of Inclusion of Apatite-based Microparticles on Osteogenic Cell Pheonotype and Behavior Laura Datko Williams1, Amanda Farley1, Will McAllister1, J. Matthew Mann2, Joseph Kolis2, Marian S. Kennedy3, Delphine Dean1 1
Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
2
Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
3
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
ABSTRACT
The proximity of minerals found in human hard tissues may influence cell phenotype. Since cells respond to a range of environmental cues, this study sought to identify the influence of two apatite-based microparticles, hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluoroapatite (FA), upon dental and bone cells. After bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), 7F2 osteoblasts and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were plated into media with or without HA or FA particles, the cells were analyzed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) production, collagen I production, osteocalcin production, and mineralization for two weeks. The BMSCs and DPSCs in media without any microparticles produced more ALP compared to those with microparticles from Day 5 forward. In addition, the collagen I and osteocalcin production in cultures without microparticles was higher than in cultures containing either HA or FA particles. While some studies have shown increased osteogeonic differentiation in the presence of mineral particles, those studies used nanoparticles that were able to be internalized by the cells and were smaller than the microparticles used in this study.
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INTRODUCTION In vivo, cells respond to many environmental cues and therefore researchers have utilized some environmental constraints such as media composition, substrate stiffness and substrate morphology to guide cells alignment, morphology and expression. For dental and bone cells, the inclusion of mineral components either in the media or on substrate has been shown to have varying and sometime contradictory effects on the cell’s osteo/odontogenic phenotype. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize the effect of hydroxyl and fluoro apatite on the potential of dental pulp and bone marrow stromal cells to differentiate down dental and bone linages. The proximity of minerals found in human hard tissues including both bone and teeth, hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca5(PO4)3OH) and fluoroapatite (FA, Ca5(PO4)3F), may influence cell phenotype and differentiation. While HA is produced by both human bone cells (osteoblasts) and tooth cells (odontoblasts and ameloblasts), this mineral can be converted to FA when fluoride is ingested. Since fluoride can be ingested utilizing many toothpastes and fluorinated water, there are significant amounts of FA in teeth
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