Influence of plant beneficial Stenotrophomonas rhizophila strain CASB3 on the degradation of diuron-contaminated saline
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Influence of plant beneficial Stenotrophomonas rhizophila strain CASB3 on the degradation of diuron-contaminated saline soil and improvement of Lactuca sativa growth Sivagnanam Silambarasan 1,2 & Peter Logeswari 1 & Antonieta Ruiz 1,3 & Pablo Cornejo 1,3
&
Velu Rajesh Kannan 2
Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 12 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Diuron is one of the major hazardous pollutants which posses severe risk to the environment and human healthiness. On the other hand, salinity is the most severe environmental stressor that limits crop productivity. Therefore, it is required to address this coexisting abiotic stresses in agricultural soil. Plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria have gained an engaging role in the degradation of pesticides in agricultural soil. However, their role against the restoration of diuron-contaminated saline soil is still not known. Thus, in this study, diuron-degrading, salinity-tolerant Stenotrophomonas rhizophila strain CASB3 was isolated and characterized. Strain CASB3 showed important PGP traits under normal and diuron or salt stresses. Complete degradation of 10– 50 mg L−1 diuron in the aqueous medium under normal and salinity stress conditions was achieved within 48–120 h and 48– 192 h, respectively. A unique pathway for diuron biodegradation was proposed based on GC-MS analysis. In a greenhouse study, CASB3 inoculated into diuron-contaminated saline soil efficiently degraded diuron (50 mg kg−1) by 94% in 42 days and simultaneously resulted in an enhancement of root-shoot length (47.22–63.41%), fresh-dry biomass (136.36–156.66%), and photosynthetic pigments (36.93–92.28%) in Lactuca sativa plants. These results suggest the strain CASB3 could be used as a bioresource for the reclamation of diuron-contaminated saline soils. Keywords Biodegradation . Diuron . PGPR . Plant growth promotion . Salinity stress
Introduction
Responsible editor: Diane Purchase Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09722-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pablo Cornejo [email protected] 1
Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental, CIMYSA, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
2
Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) is a type of phenylurea herbicide used in a wide range of pre-emergence weed control in an extensive variety of crops (Moretto et al. 2019). Due to its high perseverance, elderly residues are widely detected in several environments such as soil, water, and sediments (Giaco
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