The Beneficial Effects of Aluminum on the Plant Growth in Camellia japonica
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The Beneficial Effects of Aluminum on the Plant Growth in Camellia japonica Yuanjiao Liu 1 & Jingyu Tao 1 & Jing Cao 1 & Yaping Zeng 1 & Xi Li 1 & Jun Ma 1 & Zhuo Huang 1 & Mingyan Jiang 1 & Lingxia Sun 1 Received: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 1 April 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of aluminum (Al) on the plant growth, nutrient uptake, and Al accumulation in Camellia japonica. A hydroponic experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with four concentration of Al (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM). After growing 8 weeks in the hydroponic nutrient solution, the fine roots and mature leaves of plants were sampled to analyze the biomass, photosynthetic parameters, nutrients uptake, and Al accumulation. The 0.5, 1, and 2 mM Al supplement presented an increase of 71, 118, and 42% on the root biomass, respectively, comparing to the control. The Alinduced growth stimulation in 0.5 and 1 mM Al treatment of Camellia japonica was associated with increased levels of chlorophyll a and b, promotion of net photosynthesis rate, raised contents of soluble sugar and total soluble protein, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free proline in both leaves and fine roots. The concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in fine roots of 1 mM Al-treated plants were significantly higher than those in the control plants, whereas the levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were much lower. The mean Al levels in the 1 mM Al-treated plants were 1587, 7189, and 11,192 mg kg−1 (dry mass, DW) for the 1st/2nd, 3rd/4th mature leaves, and fine roots, respectively. This study indicated that 0.5 and 1 mM Al were beneficial to the growth of Camellia japonica. This Alinduced growth enhancement was presumably associated with the increased uptake of nutrient elements. This study also confirmed Camellia japonica as an Al-accumulator. Keywords Camellia japonica . Aluminum . Accumulation . Al-accumulator . Growth stimulation . Nutrient uptake
Abbreviations Al Aluminum N Nitrogen P Phosphorus Fe Iron Mg Magnesium Mn Manganese Cu Copper Zn Zinc Ca Calcium MDA Malondialdehyde
TPF PBS TBA FW DW Chla Chlb Pn Gs Tr
Yuanjiao Liu and Jingyu Tao contributed equally to this work as parallel first authors.
1 Introduction
* Lingxia Sun [email protected] 1
College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
1,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium formazan Phosphate buffer solution 2-Thiobarbituric acid Fresh weight Dry weight Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Net photosynthetic rate Stomatal conductance Transpiration rate
Naturally acid soils (pH < 5.0) are mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions, accounting for approximately 30% of the world’s total ice-free land area (Eswaran et al. 1997; Guo et al. 2010). Acid soils are usually associated with nutrients deficiency and metals toxicity. The trivalent alumi
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