Innovation Providing New Multiple Functions in Phase-Change Materials To Achieve Cognitive Computing
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Innovation Providing New Multiple Functions in Phase-Change Materials To Achieve Cognitive Computing
Stanford R. Ovshinsky and Boil Pashmakov Energy Conversion Devices, 2956 Waterview Drive, Rochester Hills, MI 48309
ABSTRACT This paper describes a basic new scientific and technological approach for information and computing use. It is based on Ovonic cognitive devices that utilize an atomically engineered Ovonic chalcogenide material as the active medium. We demonstrate how such a device possesses many unique functions including an intrinsic neurosynaptic functionality that permits the processing of information in a manner analogous to that of biological neurons and synapses. Our Ovonic cognitive devices can not only accomplish conventional binary computing, but are capable of non-binary generation of information, storage, encryption, higher mathematics, modular arithmetic and factoring. Uniquely, almost all of these functions can be accomplished in a single nanosized device. These devices and systems are robust at room temperature (and above). They are non-volatile and also can include other volatile devices such as the Ovonic Threshold Switch and Ovonic multi-terminal threshold and memory devices that can replace transistors.
INTRODUCTION The global computer industry is based upon silicon in a binary mode where information is processed sequentially. The transistor is fabricated from crystalline silicon where periodicity is fundamental and where doping in the ppm and above range of donor and acceptor atoms such as P and B is required. Computers are characterized by two fundamental attributes. First, operation is based on binary logic. The storage and manipulation of data occurs through conversions to binary strings and transformations of binary strings. Second, today’s computers operate sequentially in a manner first described by John Von Neumann. Completion of a computational function is inherently a step by step process. Computer programs are simply line by line instructions that outline a sequence of steps to be implemented. They are executed in a one by one fashion in which the results of preceding steps are typically forwarded to later steps. Despite their tremendous successes, certain computations, functions and tasks remain largely unamenable to solution or implementation by conventional silicon computers. Such computers become increasingly inefficient as the complexity of computation increases. Computational problems whose time of computation scales exponentially with the input size (number of bits) become intractable with conventional computers. Examples of such problems include the factoring of large numbers and searching or sorting large databases. Quantum computing has recently been proposed as a solution for overcoming these limitations of conventional computers. Proposed quantum computers seek to exploit the quantum mechanical principle of wavefunction superposition to achieve more than binary state computing
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through the massive parallelism inherent in entangled, yet coherent s
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