Interaction of SAUR53 and Its Close Homologs with Calmodulin May Play a Role in Early Development in Arabidopsis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Interaction of SAUR53 and Its Close Homologs with Calmodulin May Play a Role in Early Development in Arabidopsis Praveen Kumar Kathare 1,2 & Sunethra Dharmasiri 1 & Israel Arellano 1 & Nihal Dharmasiri 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Auxin plays crucial roles in modulating various aspects of plant growth and development throughout the plant life cycle. At the molecular level, auxin rapidly upregulates the expression of many genes, including those belong to three primary auxinresponsive (PAR) gene families. Small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) family is the largest among the three PAR gene families and contains 81 genes; however, molecular and physiological functions of most of them are yet to be discovered. Recently, we showed that the ectopic expression of SAUR53 causes hyper-elongation of cells and organs and alters apical hook development in Arabidopsis. Here we show that SAUR53 and its three close homologs, SAUR42, SAUR52, and SAUR69, physically interact with calmodulin (CaM) through their N-terminal CaM-binding domains. Additionally, seedlings of all four SAUR overexpression (SAUR-OX) transgenic lines are less sensitive to CaM inhibitor mediated inhibition of primary root elongation. We also show that CaM inhibitors accelerate the apical hook opening in dark-grown, wild-type seedlings, similar to dark-grown SAUR53-OX seedlings. Collectively, our present work reveals molecular and physiological relationships between SAURs and CaM proteins. Keywords Auxin . SAUR . Apical hook development . Calcium . Calmodulin
Introduction Among all phytohormones, auxin can be considered as the master hormone and is required for normal growth and development Key Message SAUR53 and its homologs interact with calmodulin (CaM) through their N-terminal CaM-binding domains. SAUR-CaM interaction possibly plays a role in early developmental events involving cell elongation/expansion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-020-01199-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nihal Dharmasiri [email protected] Praveen Kumar Kathare [email protected] Sunethra Dharmasiri [email protected] Israel Arellano [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
2
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
throughout the plant life cycle. Auxin alters the expression of many genes involved in auxin signaling (Santner et al. 2009; Kathare et al. 2017). Of these, the primary auxin-responsive (PAR) genes are rapidly induced in response to auxin. PAR genes fall into three major families: Aux/IAA (auxin/ indole-3-acetic acid), GH3 (Gretchen Hagen 3), and SAUR (small auxin-up RNA). It has been well documented that expression of the majority of these genes is rapidly upregulated within a few minutes of exogenous auxin application (Hagen and Guilfoyle 2002). The SAUR family consists of 81 genes, which ar
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