Interface engineering renders high-rate high-capacity lithium storage in black phosphorous composite anodes with excelle
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terface engineering renders high-rate high-capacity lithium storage in black phosphorous composite anodes with excellent cycling durability Hong Li 1
2
1,2,3*
Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Devices, Institute of Physics,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 Tianmu Lake Institute of Advanced Energy Storage Technologies, Liyang 213300, China Received October 08, 2020; accepted October 09, 2020; published online October 15, 2020
Citation:
Li H. Interface engineering renders high-rate high-capacity lithium storage in black phosphorous composite anodes with excellent cycling durability. Sci China Chem, 2020, 63, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-020-9882-8
Electrode materials are key components of lithium ion batteries that dominate the upper-limit of batteries’ performance and its scope of applications. To date, anode materials are mainly modified natural graphite and artificial graphite. Nanosized silicon-carbon composites start to be used recently in anode mixed with graphite in a weight ratio less than 10%. Energy density of Li-ion battery is increased up to 300 Wh/kg in a cell level accordingly. Li-ion batteries are still remaining two challenges, including poor charging rate and safety hazards [1]. To simultaneously offer a high capacity and high rate with robust cycling performances, the electrode material has to be capable of up-taking lithium ions at low weight and/or volume, to conduct both the lithium ions and electrons efficiently, and to withstand the parasitic reactions and structure evolution upon charge-discharge cycling. Black phosphorus (BP), a phosphorus allotrope with two-dimensional layered structures [2], is a semiconductor and a fast ion conductor with high theoretical lithium storage capacity, and thus has been expected as a promising choice for high capacity and high rate anode materials [3], but the performance achieved to date is far from its potential. Previous work [4], from Ji et al who indicated a kinetic sluggish of the electrochemical reactions between BP and *Corresponding author (email: [email protected])
alkali metal ions, unraveled that BP is degradable preferentially from the edges of its layered structure [5] and the edge modification is effective to reproduce the expected photocatalytic function [6]. Recently, on the basis of phosphorus-based anode materials, Ji and coworkers [7] have developed a polyaniline-coated black phosphorus-graphite composite [(BP-G)/PANI] for the anode of Li-ion batteries. Their understanding plays a role in triggering their current study. Similar to the nano-silicon/carbon composite anode [8], the authors mixed BP with graphite. Instead of a gentle grinding process, they performed high energy ball-milling on the mixture of BP and graphite in an argon-protected atmosphere. High-energy ball-milling has been reported to be able to slice off two dimensional ma
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