Interpretation of Data in the Solar Reflection Region
As stated earlier (Chap. 2), the EM spectral region extending from 0.3 μ to ≃ 3 µ is the solar reflection region in terrestrial remote sensing. The sun is the only source of energy in this spectral range, and the solar radiations scattered by the earth’s
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8.1 Introduction As stated earlier (Chap. 2), the EM spectral region extending from 0.3 JL to ~ 3 JL is the solar reflection region in terrestrial remote sensing. The sun is the only source of energy in this spectral range, and the solar radiations scattered by the earth's surface are studied for ground object discrimination and mapping. This spectral region has been the most intensively studied region for remote sensing of the earth, for the following main reasons:
considerations are given in Chapter 7. In this Cha pter we first briefly review the parameters which govern reflected radiance reaching the sensor, then summarize the various data acquisition techniques, and finally discuss the interpretation of data in the solar reflection region.
8.2 Energy Budget Considerations for Sensing in the SDR Region
Figure 8.1 shows the schematic of energy flow in the I. Remote sensing technology has evolved primarily solar reflection region. The sun radiates EM energy. from the method of aerial photo interpretation, the These radiations travel through the atmosphere and use of which was confined to the visible and near become incident on the earth's surface. They are infrared part of the solar reflection region; even the scattered due to interaction at the earth's surface, earliest scanners and photo-detectors operated only and the semi-diffuse reflected radiations again pass in this part of the EM spectrum; therefore, it is through the atmosphere before they are detected by logical that the solar reflection range of the EM an aerial or space-borne sensor. The total radiance spectrum should have become its best-investigated received at the sensor is dependent upon four main groups of factors: (I) attitude of the sun, (2) atmospart. 2. The intensity of radiations available for sensing is pheric-meteorological conditions, (3) topographhighest in this region (Fig. 2Aa); there also occur ical-slope and geometric aspects and (4) ground good atmospheric windows (Fig. 2Ab), permitting target characteristics (Table 8.1). acquisition of good quality aerial- and space-based remote sensing data. 3. The region comprises visible spectrum in which the response of objects has been easy to interpret and 8.2.1 Attitude of the SUD conceive in terms of various physical phenomena. The interpretability and application potential of the remote sensing data in the SOR region depends on image quality, which in turn is governed by a number of factors grouped broadly into two: (I) sensor characteristics (discussed in Chaps. 4 and 5) and (2) energy budget considerations (see Sect. 8.2). The geometric quality of images and photographs are discussed in Chapter 6 and radiometric
R. P. Gupta, Remote Sensing Geology © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1991
The sun is the only source of energy for sensing in this spectral range. The magnitude of solar incident radiation reaching the earth is thus an extremely important factor, and depends primarily on the attitude of the sun. The earth revolves around the sun in a near-circular elliptical orbit. It is c
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