Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Campylobacter in the Immunocompromised Host
- PDF / 328,040 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 78 Downloads / 206 Views
Bacterial Infections (H Bach, Section Editor)
Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Manifestations of Campylobacter in the Immunocompromised Host Francesca Schiaffino, DVM, PhD1,2 Margaret N. Kosek, MD2,* Address 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru *,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, 345 Crispell Dr, Rm, Charlottesville, VA, 2525, USA Email: [email protected]
* Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Bacterial Infections Keywords Campylobacter I Diarrhea I Bacteremia I Gastroenteritis I Hypogammaglobinemia I Immunocompromised
Abstract Purpose of review Describe most recent data on manifestations and treatment of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations of Campylobacter among immunocompromised patients. Recent findings Resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracycline challenge traditional empiric therapies. Summary Recurrent Campylobacter enteritis and bacteremia are associated with hypogammaglobinemia, HIV, transplant-associated immunotherapy, and hematologic malignancies. C. jejuni and C. coli are the most commonly associated Campylobacter species although C. fetus, C. upsaliensis, C. lari, C. curvus, and C. rectus should be considered as potential causative agents of rare extra-intestinal infections. Successful diagnosis and treatment of these cases may require the recognition of the limits of standard diagnostics and the recent emergence of highly resistant strains of Campylobacter, particularly C. coli.
Bacterial Infections (H Bach, Section Editor)
Introduction Campylobacter, a Gram-negative zoonotic bacterium, is the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in the USA and among the most prevalent causes of enteritis worldwide (1–4). C. jejuni and C. coli are the species most commonly associated with human disease and colonization (5). The most common clinical presentation, shared by disease caused by both species, in the USA and other industrialized nations includes a self-limiting gastrointestinal infection characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever, with cases resolving most commonly within 1 week (6, 7). Although it is one of the more common cases of dysentery globally, most cases of Campylobacter enteritis are not dysenteric. Generally, treatment of Campylobacter intestinal infections includes prescription of a macrolide, namely azithromycin (8, 9). Increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance to fluoroquinolones have caused the Centers for Disease Control to place quinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections at the top of the serious threads list in the 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats report (10). Specifically, fluoroquinolone resistance, once rare, has steadily increased over the last 30 years and in 2019 43% of C. jejuni and 55% of all C. coli isolates in the US were resistant to ciprofloxacin (11). C. jejuni resistance to azithromycin in the US is still under 5%, but C. coli has rates of azithromycin resistance o
Data Loading...
