Introduction to Optics
Since the discovery of the laser in 1960 and optical fibers in 1970, optics has undergone dramatic changes that accentuate its multi-disciplinary character. This text covers essential concepts and reports the key developments and progress in current knowl
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Advanced Texts in Physics This program of advanced texts covers a broad spectrum of topics that are of current and emerging interest in physics. Each book provides a comprehensive and yet accessible introduction to a field at the forefront of modern research. As such, these texts are intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students at the MS and PhD levels; however, research scientists seeking an introduction to particular areas of physics will also benefit from the titles in this collection.
Germain Chartier
Introduction to Optics With 440 Figures
Germain Chartier Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble 38031 Grenoble, Cedex 1, France Translated by Germain Chartier based on the French edition (Manuel d’optique, Hermes, Paris, 1997).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chartier, Germain. [Manuel d’optique. English] Introduction to optics / Germain Chartier. p. cm.—(Advanced texts in physics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-387-40346-9 (acid-free paper) 1. Optics. I. Title. II. Series. QC355.3.C4813 2005 535—dc22 2005042542 ISBN 0-387-40346-9
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now know or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed in the United States of America. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springeronline.com
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(BS/EB)
To: Anne Marie Alain, Isabelle, Philippe Colin, Marie, Alice, Martin, Zoé
Preface
For those students who, like me, finished their studies toward the end of the 1960s, the advent of the laser was a magic new light illuminating a sector of science which had become somewhat moribund. In fact, physics seemed to be approaching an endpoint. Accelerators impelled particles at their targets where the resulting interactions did not seem to suggest any great difficulties for the perceived structure of elementary particle physics. The rapid advances in the progress of technology did not make itself generally felt; industry devoted more efforts to improving the function of automobile carburettors than seeking to harvest the fruits of research laboratories. The history of lasers has its own fascination. Its starting point can be seen in the publication of an article in the Zeitschrift für Physik, in which a young physicist, Albert Einstein, compelled by the logic of his own reasoning, postulated a radically new form of interaction between radiation
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