Investigation of heat transfer in liquid-metal flows under fusion-reactor conditions
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stigation of Heat Transfer in Liquid-Metal Flows Under Fusion-Reactor Conditions I. I. Poddubnyi1*, N. Yu. Pyatnitskaya2, N. G. Razuvanov2, V. G. Sviridov2, E. V. Sviridov2, A. Yu. Leshukov1, K. V. Aleskovskiy3, and D. M. Obukhov4 1Joint
Stock Company Dollezhal Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering (JSC NIKIET) Malaya Krasnosel’skaya ul. 2/8, Moscow, 107140 Russia 2 Joint Institute of High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Science, Izhorskaya ul. 13, str. 2, Moscow, 125412 Russia 3National Research University Moscow Power Engineering Institute (MPEI), Krasnokazarmennaya ul. 14, Moscow, 111250 Russia 4Joint Stock Company Efremov Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus, Doroga na Metallostroi str. 3, pos. Metallostroi, St. Petersburg, 196641 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 5, 2015
Abstract—The effect discovered in studying a downward liquid-metal flow in vertical pipe and in a channel of rectangular cross section in, respectively, a transverse and a coplanar magnetic field is analyzed. In test blanket modules (TBM), which are prototypes of a blanket for a demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO) and which are intended for experimental investigations at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), liquid metals are assumed to fulfil simultaneously the functions of (i) a tritium breeder, (ii) a coolant, and (iii) neutron moderator and multiplier. This approach to testing experimentally design solutions is motivated by plans to employ, in the majority of the currently developed DEMO blanket projects, liquid metals pumped through pipes and/or rectangular channels in a transvers magnetic field. At the present time, experiments that would directly simulate liquid-metal flows under conditions of ITER TBM and/or DEMO blanket operation (irradiation with thermonuclear neutrons, a cyclic temperature regime, and a magnetic-field strength of about 4 to 10 T) are not implementable for want of equipment that could reproduce simultaneously the aforementioned effects exerted by thermonuclear plasmas. This is the reason why use is made of an iterative approach to experimentally estimating the performance of design solutions for liquid-metal channels via simulating one or simultaneously two of the aforementioned factors. Therefore, the investigations reported in the present article are of considerable topical interest. The respective experiments were performed on the basis of the mercury magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) loop that is included in the structure of the MPEI—JIHT MHD experimental facility. Temperature fields were measured under conditions of two- and one-sided heating, and data on averaged-temperature fields, distributions of the wall temperature, and statistical fluctuation features were obtained. A substantial effect of counter thermo gravitational convection (TGC) on averaged and fluctuating quantities were found. The development of TGC in the presence of a magnetic field leads to the appearance of low-frequency fluctuations whose anomalously high intensity exceeds severalfold the
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