Investigation of Operational Scenarios to Mitigate CO 2 Emission and Natural Gas Consumption in City Gate Stations (CGSs
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Investigation of Operational Scenarios to Mitigate CO2 Emission and Natural Gas Consumption in City Gate Stations (CGSs) Kourosh Esfandiari 1
&
Parinaz Soleimani 2
&
Ehsan Hakimi 3
Received: 29 June 2020 / Revised: 11 November 2020 / Accepted: 13 November 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract City gate stations (CGSs) are the main pressure reduction stations of natural gas (NG) transmission lines where enormous decrease of NG pressure results in significant temperature drop. Therefore, high pressure gas is preheated by means of NG fuel water bath heaters (WBHs) to prevent downstream hydrate formation. In this research, the effect of different operational scenarios was investigated by means of process simulation to enhance the combustion efficiency of WBHs which consequently causes lower CO2 emission into the atmosphere. In this regard, WBH of Minudasht CGS in the north of Iran with nominal capacity of 30,000 m3/h was considered as a case study and process enhancement was carried out with the goal of lower CO2 emission and the NG fuel consumption. On the basis of obtained results, it was demonstrated that the NG preheating and air preheating by means of energy of hot stack gases are the most effective scenarios which can result in around 65 and 50 tons lower CO2 emission, respectively. In addition, these scenarios have the merit of saving more than 33,000 and 25,000 m3 lower NG fuel consumption annually, respectively. Keywords City gate station . Aspen HYSYS simulation . Air quality . CO2 emission . NG consumption . Process optimization
Introduction Natural gas (NG) is the most promising fossil fuel of the twenty-first century owing to the release of fewer amounts of greenhouse gases during its combustion. Overall transmission route of NG from refinery to consumption point generally consists of compression, transportation, pressure regulation, and distribution. Since NG is transported at high pressures (i.e., ~ 1000 psig), pressure should be properly regulated
* Kourosh Esfandiari [email protected] Parinaz Soleimani [email protected] Ehsan Hakimi [email protected] 1
Chemical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Shariati Street, Babol, Iran
2
Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Noor Branch, Noor, Iran
before NG is being consumed by public end consumers. Pressure regulation is commonly carried out in two main kinds of pressure regulation stations so-called city gate stations (CGSs) and town board stations (TBSs) (Edalat and Mansoori 1988). Since the pressure drop of NG in CGSs is enormous, i.e., from ~ 1000 to ~ 250 psig, a significant temperature drop can be occurred as a result of Joule-Thomson effect (Borgnakke and Sonntag 2009). The Joule-Thomson effect (also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect) describes the temperature change of a real gas during a sudden pressure reduction via an adiabat
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