Isolation, characterization, antibacterial, antihelminthic, and in silico studies of polyprenol from Kirganelia reticula
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Med Chem Res (2013) 22:2938–2945 DOI 10.1007/s00044-012-0295-4
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Isolation, characterization, antibacterial, antihelminthic, and in silico studies of polyprenol from Kirganelia reticulata Baill S. D. Shruthi • S. Padmalatha Rai • Y. L. Ramachandra
Received: 8 March 2012 / Accepted: 20 October 2012 / Published online: 4 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2012
Abstract Microbial and helminthes infections are the most common health problems in India; in developing countries they pose a large treat to public. These infections can affect most population in endemic areas with major economic and social consequences. In vitro antibacterial activity of a phytoconstituent, polyprenol isolated from the leaves of Kirganelia reticulata was screened against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the purified antibacterial agent were also determined. The present study also undertook evaluation of antihelminthic activity of polyprenol at different concentrations using Pheretima posthuma as a test worm. The bioassay involved the determination of paralysis time and death time of the worm. The polyprenol showed antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains with MIC 6.25–25.0 mgml-1 and MBC 12.50–25.0 mgml-1, and possesses better glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibition in molecular docking studies with minimum docking energy and better ligand efficiency when compared to the standard. The antihelminthic results of the present study indicated that polyprenol significantly demonstrated paralysis and caused death of worm in dose-dependent manner; showing comparable S. D. Shruthi (&) Y. L. Ramachandra P.G. Department of Studies and Research in Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta 577 451, Karnataka, India e-mail: [email protected] S. D. Shruthi P.G. Department of Biotechnology, The Oxford College of Science, Bangalore 560 102, Karnataka, India S. Padmalatha Rai Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Life Science Center, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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results with the standard in docking process. Hence, the isolated compound polyprenol is suggestive of being a good antibacterial and antihelminthic agent. Keywords Glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase Kirganelia reticulata Molecular docking Polyprenol Tubulin protein
Introduction Human beings have been in constant exposure to pathogenic bacteria for many decades. The increasing interest on traditional ethnomedicine may lead to discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Many of the plant species have been documented pharmacologically and clinically in the world, which are endowed phytochemicals with marked activity on human pathogenic bacteria (Khan et al., 2002). Kirganelia reticulata Baill. (Synonym: Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.) is a large, often scandent, shrub of the family Euphorbiaceae. The leaves and bark are used as astringent and diuretic. Juice of leaves is used for the
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