Kinetic studies on propionic and malic acid reactive extraction using trioctylamine in 1-decanol
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Kinetic studies on propionic and malic acid reactive extraction using trioctylamine in 1‑decanol Victoria Inyang1 · David Lokhat1 Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract The effectiveness and efficiency of the reactive extraction technique for recovery of propionic acid and malic acid from aqueous solution were investigated. Kinetic studies for the solute (acid)–solvent (trioctylamine dissolved in 1-decanol) system were carried out and mass transfer coefficients experimentally determined. These parameters are necessary for the proper design of an extraction unit. The studies were carried out using dilute solutions of the acids with a concentration range of 0.2–0.6 kmol/m3 and trioctylamine (10%v/v) in 1-decanol as extractant at 303.15 K. The effect of stirring speed, acid and extractant concentration at different time intervals was studied. The kinetic process parameters such as reaction order, mass transfer coefficient and rate constant were evaluated using the experimental data. From the results obtained, the reaction was found to be an instantaneous second-order chemical reaction occurring in the organic diffusion film. The values of the rate constants were found to be 0.430 m3/mol s and 0.332 m3/mol s, respectively, for propionic acid and malic acid, while the mass transfer coefficient, km, was also obtained for propionic acid (9 × 10−6 m/s) and malic acid (3 × 10−6 m/s). These are useful for the design of an extraction unit for carboxylic acid recovery from dilute aqueous solutions. Keywords Propionic acid · Malic acid · Reactive extraction · Kinetic studies
Introduction Fermentation technology for the production of industrial organic chemicals, and in particular organic acids, is long known. Product purity and medium efficiency resulting in dilute aqueous solutions are two major obstacles. Due to the rise in petroleum prices, over the last decade, there has been renewed interest in the production of chemicals from fermentation processes. Biotechnology has the potential for new, efficient and low-cost fermentation processes for chemical production from biomass feedstock. With the availability of different and selective microorganisms, carbohydrate fermentation represents a promising route for new bio-product production (Corma et al. 2007). Currently, the commercial influence of fermentation-derived bio-products is, however, limited, due to challenges in the recovery of products. Therefore, developments of more effective techniques are essential
* Victoria Inyang [email protected] 1
Reactor Technology Research Group, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
to allow for chemicals obtained by fermentation to further penetrate the industry (Datta et al. 2015). Carboxylic acids with low molecular weight like propionic acid (PA), malic acid (MA), formic acid (FA) and butyric acid (BA) are important bulk chemicals with several industrial applications in the food industry, for th
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