Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long-term ocean acidification exposure
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Lack of oxidative damage on temperate juvenile catsharks after a long‑term ocean acidification exposure Maria Rita Pegado1 · Catarina P. Santos1 · Marta Pimentel1 · Ricardo Cyrne1 · Eduardo Sampaio1 · Ana Temporão1 · Janina Röckner1 · Mário Diniz2 · Rui Rosa1 Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Ocean acidification is a consequence of chemical changes driven mainly by a continuous uptake of carbon dioxide, resulting in pH decrease. This phenomenon represents an additional threat to marine life, with expected effects ranging from changes in behavioral responses and calcification rates to the potential promotion of oxidative stress. To unravel the impacts of ocean acidification on the antioxidant system of sharks, we performed a long-term exposure (9 months, since early embryogenesis) to high CO2 conditions (pCO2 ~ 900 μatm) on a temperate shark (Scyliorhinus canicula). The following biomarkers were measured: enzymatic antioxidant defense (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), protein repair and removal (heat shock proteins and ubiquitin), and oxidative damage on lipids (malondialdehyde) and DNA (8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine). Changes in the antioxidant enzyme defense were restricted to an increase in catalase activity in the muscle, an enzyme that plays a major role in oxidative stress mitigation. On the other hand, no evidence of oxidative damage was found, indicating that the observed increase in catalase activity may be enough to neutralize the effects of potentially higher reactive oxygen species. These results further indicate that these sharks’ antioxidant system can successfully cope with the levels of carbon dioxide projected for the end of the century. Nonetheless, the interaction between ocean acidification and the rise in temperature expected to occur in a near future may disturb their antioxidant capacity, requiring further investigation.
Introduction Part of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere has been absorbed by our oceans, leading to a phenomenon commonly designated as ocean acidification Responsible Editor: H.-O. Pörtner. Reviewed by D. Moreira and an undisclosed expert. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03770-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Maria Rita Pegado [email protected] 1
Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Nossa Senhora do Cabo 939, 2750‑374 Cascais, Portugal
Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, UCIBIO, NOVA University Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829‑516 Caparica, Portugal
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(OA) (Doney et al. 2009; Gattuso and Hansson 2011; IPCC 2014). Dissolved C O2 reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid, which rapidly dissociates into carbonate ions and H+, reducing
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