Landscape Function and Disturbance in Arctic Tundra
The discovery of large petroleum reserves in northern Alaska prompted the US National Research Council to recommend priorities for ecological research on disturbance effects in the Arctic. Subsequently, this led to the implementation of a field study by t
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Edited by G. Heldmaier, Marburg, FRG o. L. Lange, Wiirzburg, FRG H. A. Mooney, Stanford, USA U. Sommer, Kiel, FRG
Ecological Studies Volumes published since 1990 are listed at the end of this book.
Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
James F. Reynolds John D. Tenhunen (Eds.)
Landscape Function
and Disturbance in Arctic Tundra
With 109 Figures, 11 in color and 47 Tables
Springer
Professor Dr. JAMES F. REYNOLDS Duke University Department of Botany Phytotron Building Box 90340 Durham, NC 27708 USA Professor Dr. JOHN D. TENHUNEN Universitat Bayreuth Lehrstuhl fur Pftanzenokologie II Bayreuth Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystem Research (BITOK) D-9S440 Bayreuth Germany
ISBN 978-3-662-01147-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-01145-4
ISBN 978-3-662-01145-4 (eBook)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Landscape function and disturbance in arctic tundra / james F. Reynolds, john D. Tenhunen (eds.). p. cm. - (Ecological studies: v. 120) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-662-01 147-8 1. Tundra ecology-Alaska-North Slope. 2. Landscape ecology-Alaska-North Slope. 3. Man-Influence on nature-Alaska-North Slope. 4. Tundra ecology-Arctic regions-Mathematical models. 5. Landscape ecology-Arctic regions-Mathematical models. 6. Man-Influence on nature-Arctic regions-Mathematical models. I. Reynolds. james F., 1946- , II. Tenhunen, john D., 1946- . III. Series. QHI05.A4L36 1996 574.5'2644'097987-dc20 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically of translation, reprinting reuse of illustrations, recittation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer- Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1996
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Foreword
The plants dominating arctic tundra differ in a fundamental way from almost all other plants on earth. They can carry on metabolic and reproductive processes during the short, cold growing seasons of the far North at air and soil temperatures only slightly above or even below oDe. These cold-adapted plants are mostly herbaceous perennials or dwarf shrubs that form a mosaic of communities that are subject to large fluctuations in their physical environment, both atmospheric and edaphic. Th
