LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Ti 0.05 O 2 : synthesis by solid state reaction and investigation of structural and electrochemical pro
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LiNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2: synthesis by solid state reaction and investigation of structural and electrochemical properties with enhanced battery performance A. Bayri1, E. Gocer1, E. Altin2, S. Altundag1, E. Oz1, M. Harfouche3, S. Altin1,*, and S. Avci4,* 1
Physics Department, Inonu University, 44280 Malatya, Turkey Inonu University, IBTAM, 44280 Malatya, Turkey 3 Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East (SESAME), P.O. Box 7, Allan 19252, Jordan 4 Department of Engineering Physics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34700 Istanbul, Turkey 2
Received: 7 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 29 September 2020
Solid state synthesis is an essential technique for large-scale production of electrode active materials in battery industry. However, solid state synthesis of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA), which is a well-known commercial cathode material for Li-ion batteries, provides electrochemically inactive compound. Here, we report the solid state synthesis of LixNi0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2 where x = 1.03, 1.06, and 1.09, which is a modified version of conventional NCA. Our thorough studies consist of characterization of compounds by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and magnetization measurements. The results point out the significant effects of Li content on structural and magnetic properties of the samples. Battery performance tests show that Li1.06Ni0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2 exhibits better cycling properties than conventional NCA. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) technique is utilized to determine structural modifications upon cycling of this compound via ex-situ analysis. We conclude that substitution of Ti ions in Li1.06Ni0.8Co0.15Ti0.05O2 improves the cycling capability of the cells by reducing the formation of NiO insulating layer which hinders the redox reactions. The capacity value of x = 1.06 sample increases up to 150 mAh g-1 at C/3 rate during cycling and the capacity fade is negative for the first 10 cycles. Possible mechanism for the negative capacity fade is also discussed.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04572-4
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
1 Introduction Rechargeable batteries have become one of the main focuses of the researchers since the portable energy sources are necessary for technological applications. Li-ion batteries carry most of the burden due to their high working voltage and capacities [1, 2]. LiCoO2 has been one of the most common cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. However, its high cost and poor environmental compatibility decrease its attractiveness. Scientists have turned their attention to new cathode materials with low cost, which are environmentally benign and have higher capacity and working voltage. In last decades, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) has been developed as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries and it has been used in comm
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