Lipid dynamics and nutritional value of the estuarine strain Isochrysis galbana VLP grown from hypo to hyper salinity
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Lipid dynamics and nutritional value of the estuarine strain Isochrysis galbana VLP grown from hypo to hyper salinity José-Pedro Cañavate 1
&
Ismael Hachero-Cruzado 1 & Carmen Pérez-Gavilán 1 & Catalina Fernández-Díaz 1
Received: 9 July 2020 / Revised and accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Novel nutritional/functional applications of Isochrysis strains are mostly based on their diversified lipid classes. The content of these lipids is modulated by different factors, among which salinity has been comparatively understudied. Since managing salinity is key for optimal microalgae outdoor mass production and most studied Isochrysis strains are marine, the lipid response to nearly extreme hypo and hyper salinity in a new estuarine strain is here described. Total lipids in exponentially grown Isochrysis galbana VLP gradually decreased from 334 ± 36.6 mg g-1 at a salinity of 5 psu to 164.3 ± 24.4 mg g-1 at 50 psu. Present is the first report on lipid class (LC) remodeling in response to salinity in any Isochrysis strain. Two main storage lipids, steryl esters (SE) and triacylglycerol (TAG), underwent the fastest absolute decrease as salinity increased during both active and halted growth in the estuarine strain I. galbana VLP. Alkenones also decreased with salinity although less markedly. Among photosynthetic lipids, galactolipids were more affected by salinity than the anionic lipids. Salinity had minor influence on the relative sterol and betaine lipid proportions. Salinity explained more of total LC variation (34.6%) than culture stage (30.3%), whereas the opposite occurred with fatty acid (FA) variation. The main FA affected by salinity were 20:5n-3, 18:3n-3, 18:5n-3 and 18:2n-6. Nutritional value of I. galbana VLP from 5 psu exponential cultures was 1.5-fold to 2-fold higher than under all other conditions. Isochrysis production in low salinity waters can be a sustainable procedure compatible with its optimized nutritional value. Keywords Haptophyta . Fatty acids . Lipid classes . Salinity . Microalgae . Nutritional value
Introduction Strains of the microalga Isochrysis (Haptophyta, Prymnesiophycidae) are commonly used as aquaculture food (Muller-Feuga 2013) and are acquiring increasing interest in other commercial applications thanks to their functional properties (Bonfanti et al. 2018). Despite biomass demand for these species existing for a long time, their specific outdoor mass production systems are less developed than those for other microalgae species. Outdoor mass production in Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02258-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * José-Pedro Cañavate [email protected] 1
IFAPA Centro El Toruño, Andalusia Research and Training Institute for Fisheries and Agriculture, 11500, El Puerto de Santa María, Cádiz, Spain
photobioreactors has been described as low and variable in Isochrysis species (Zhang and Richmond 2003; van Bergeijk
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