Long-chain base kinase1 promotes salicylic acid-mediated stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Long-chain base kinase1 promotes salicylic acid-mediated stomatal immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana Priya Gupta1
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Ashis Kumar Nandi1
Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 Ó Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2020
Abstract Stomatal closure is an inducible form of defense that plants exert upon activation of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Arabidopsis long-chain base kinase 1 (LCBK1) phosphorylates phytosphingosine, which is essential for PTI-induced stomatal closure. Impairment of stomatal closure of lcbk1 mutants can be rescued by exogenous application of phosphorylated phytosphingosine. PTI-induced stomatal closure also requires salicylic acid (SA). However, the role of LCBK1 in SA-mediated stomatal closure was not known. Here, we have shown that lcbk1 mutants are defective in pathogeninduced SA accumulation and show a reduced level of expression of SA biosynthesis genes such as ICS1, PAD4, and APD1. Interestingly, the exogenous application of SA does not entirely restore the loss of immunity against pathogens in lcbk1 mutants. The lcbk1 mutants are also partially defective in SA-mediated stomatal closure. Application of phytosphingosine-phosphate activate stomatal closure in WT but not in SA biosynthetic mutant sid2. LCBK1 interacts with polycomb-group repressor complex 2 protein MEDEA, which functions as an attenuator of SA-mediated defense. However, MEDEA is not involved in SA-mediated stomatal closure. Results altogether suggest that LCBK1 functions at the upstream of SA biosynthesis as well as at the downstream for SA-mediated stomatal immunity. Keywords AT5G23450 PTI Phytosphingosine Salicylic acid Stomatal immunity Abbreviations ABA Abscisic acid APD1 AP2 family protein involved in disease defense 1 COR Coronatine ET Ethylene ETI Effector-triggered immunity ICS1 Isochorismate synthase 1 JA Jasmonic acid LCBK1 Long-chain base kinase 1 MEA MEDEA NPR1 Non-expressor of PR 1 PAD4 Phytoalexin deficient 4 PHS Phytosphingosine PHS-P Phytosphingosine-1-phosphate PRC2 Polycomb-group repressor complex 2 PRR Pattern recognition receptor PTI Pattern-triggered immunity & Ashis Kumar Nandi [email protected] 1
School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 415, New Delhi 110067, India
SA SID2
Salicylic acid SA induction deficient 2
Introduction Plants have evolved diverse strategies to combat invading pathogens. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) present on the cell surface recognize conserved molecular patterns present on the pathogens and activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) (Jones and Dangl 2006; Dodds and Rathjen 2010). The specific non-host type structural motifs present in microbial pathogens, such as cell walls and flagella components, are examples of microbe/pathogen-associated molecular patterns (M/PAMPs). Successful pathogens suppress PTI by releasing effector molecules. During evolution, plants also developed systems of recognition of specific effectors comprising one or more resistance (R) proteins to activate a higher level of d
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