Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 as a potential serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 as a potential serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma Honglei Xu 1 & Qingqing Yin 2 & Xianjuan Shen 3 & Shaoqing Ju 2 Received: 7 April 2019 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Increasing knowledge of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has shown that they can be used as circulating tumor markers. Also, considerable evidences have revealed that lncRNAs have important roles in tumor diagnosis and prognosis. The lncRNA CCAT2 has manifested its carcinogenic effect in a variety of tumors, but the serum expression level and clinical value in multiple myeloma (MM) remain to be explored. In our study, the expression of lncRNA CCAT2 is upregulated in the serum and bone marrow of MM patients by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The high expression level of CCAT2 in the serum of MM patients correlated with International Scoring System (ISS) stages, renal dysfunction, serum β2microglobulin (β2-MG) concentration, and light chain (κ and λ) concentrations. Area under the curve (AUC) of CCAT2 in serum is 0.899. Besides, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.80% and 83%, respectively. Furthermore, combination of CCAT2, IgA, HGB, and β2-MG significantly improved the MM diagnostic sensitivity and AUC. Here, our present investigation indicates that serum circulating CCAT2 may serve as a potential tumor marker for diagnosis and prognosis of MM. Keywords lncRNA CCAT2 . Multiple myeloma . Serum . Biomarker . Clinical value
Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B cell hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells which can secrete monoclonal immunoglobulin in the bone marrow [1, 2]. Malignant plasma cells cause sustained secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulins or light chains depositing in different parts of the body, which leads to a range of clinical manifestations, such as lytic bone lesions, anemia, and renal failure [1, 2]. Advanced therapeutics have greatly Honglei Xu and Qingqing Yin contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00277-020-04161-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shaoqing Ju [email protected] 1
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
2
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No 20, Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, China
3
Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
improved the overall survival time and life quality of MM patients, but resistance to the existing therapy and the high heterogeneity in MM make it a thorny disease to be cured. Therefore, looking for effective biomarkers for early MM diagnosis and prognosis, as well as new therapeutic targets, is of great clinical significance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a major subclass of eukar
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