Metabolic syndrome and the incidence of lung cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome Open Access
RESEARCH
Metabolic syndrome and the incidence of lung cancer: a meta‑analysis of cohort studies Li Qiao1, Deliang Ma1, Hui Lv2, Ding Shi3, Min Fei2, Yu Chen2, Fei Xie2, Zhuoyan Wang2, Ying Wang2, Wanhua Liang1* and Peiying Hu2*
Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been related to the pathogenesis of variety categories of cancers. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between MetS and the incidence of lung cancer. Methods: Relevant cohort studies were identified by search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library databases. Cochrane’s Q test and I2 statistic were used to analyze the heterogeneity. Random-effect model which incorporates the potential heterogeneity was used for the meta-analysis. Results: Five cohort studies with 188,970 participants were included. A total of 1,295 lung cancer cases occurred during follow-up. Meta-analyses showed that neither MetS defined by the revised NCEP-ATP III criteria (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84 to 1.05, p = 0.25; I2 = 0) nor the IDF criteria (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.61 to 1.11, p = 0.20; I2 = 0) was associated with an affected risk of lung cancer. Subgroup analyses showed consistent results in women and in men, in studies performed in Asian and non-Asian countries, and in prospective and retrospective cohorts (p all > 0.05). Meta-analysis limited to studies with the adjustment of smoking status also showed similar results (HR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.05, p = 0.21; I2 = 0). No publication bias was detected based on the Egger regression test (p = 0.32). Conclusions: Current evidence from cohort studies does not support that MetS is an independent risk factor for the incidence of lung cancer. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Lung cancer, Cohort study, Meta-analysis Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic disorders characterized by the pathophysiological presence of central obesity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia [1]. With the aging of the global population, MetS has become a common health problem in both the developed and the developing countries, with *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Li Qiao and Deliang Ma contributed equally to this work 1 Department of Oncology, Linyi Central Hospital, 17 Jian Kang Road, Linyi 276400, Shandong, China 2 Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, No. 158 Shangtang Road, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
the reported prevalence of 10–30% of the adult populations [2–4]. Accumulating evidence confirmed that patients with MetS are at higher risk for the development of many other diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases [5], recurrent stroke [6], venous thromboembolism [7], sleep-disordered breathing [8], and osteoporosis [9]. Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers. In 2012, there were about 1.8 million new lung can
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