microRNA: Basic Science From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice

This volume explores microRNA pathophysiology, focusing on basic concepts in molecular and cellular biology. Chapters contributed by leading scientists examine recently discovered pathways in several processes, including aging, diabetes, cardiovascular di

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Gaetano Santulli Editor

microRNA: Basic Science From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Volume 887 Editorial Board: IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel ABEL LAJTHA, N.S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA JOHN D. LAMBRIS, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5584

Gaetano Santulli Editor

microRNA: Basic Science From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice

Editor Gaetano Santulli Columbia University Medical Center New York, NY, USA

ISSN 0065-2598 ISSN 2214-8019 (electronic) Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ISBN 978-3-319-22379-7 ISBN 978-3-319-22380-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015955609 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

This book represents one volume—focused on biology and basic science—of a trilogy exploring the functional role of microRNAs from molecular biology to clinical practice. Of the other two volumes, one addresses cancer while the other provides an ample overview on the importance of microRNA in the clinical scenario. This volume provides a state-of-the-art outline of microRNA pathophysiology. It covers up-to-date basic notions on these tiny molecules, discussed by leading scientists in the field. An introductory chapter discussing the emerging role of microRNAs, epigenetics, and micropeptidomics opens the book, followed by a thorough description of the microRNA machinery. Then, specific aspects of these fundamental molecules are investigated at different levels: in distinctive processes (such as