Migratory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells raise great expectations in regenerative medicine due to their capacity to regenerate damaged tissues, thereby restoring organ tissue integrity and functionality. Even though it is not yet clear how mesenchymal stem cells are guided
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Migratory Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Thomas Dittmar and Frank Entschladen Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells raise great expectations in regenerative medicine due to their capacity to regenerate damaged tissues, thereby restoring organ tissue integrity and functionality. Even though it is not yet clear how mesenchymal stem cells are guided to injured tissue it is generally assumed that the directed migration of these cells is facilitated by the same soluble factors that also recruit immune competent cells to inflamed tissue areas. Tumor tissue represents another type of (chronically) inflamed tissue and because of that mesenchymal stem cells are highly attracted. Although some data indicate that esenchymal stem cells might have a beneficial effect on tumor growth due to anti-tumor effects the plethora of data suggest that tumor tissue recruited mesenchymal stem cells rather promote tumor growth and metastasis formation. Nonetheless, the enhanced tumor tropism of mesenchymal stem cells makes them ideal candidates for novel anti-cancer strategies. Like Trojan Horses genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells will deliver their deadly cargo, such as anti-tumor cytokines or oncolytic viruses, into cancerous tissues, thereby destroying the tumor form within. In this chapter we will summarize the current concepts of genetic modification of mesenchymal stem cells for future anti-cancer therapies. Keywords Mesenchymal stem cells Trojan horse
MSCs Inflammation Tumor tropism
Contents 1 2
Introduction.............................................................................................................................. X MSCs as Therapeutic Options in Cancer Treatment ......................................................... 2.1 Recruitment of MSCs to Inflamed Tissues ................................................................... 2.2 MSC and Tumor Progression.........................................................................................
T. Dittmar (&) F. Entschladen Institute of Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research and Education, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str. 10, 58448 Witten Germany e-mail: thomas.dittmar@uni-wh.de F. Entschladen e-mail: frank.entschladen@uni-wh.de
T. Dittmar and F. Entschladen 2.3 MSCs as Trojan Horses for Cancer Therapies.............................................................. 3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... References......................................................................................................................................
1 Introduction Only very few specialized cells within an adult human are capable of autonomous migration. Physiologically, these cells are leukocytes, fibroblasts, and stem cells, although the pathological migration of cancer cells also occurs during tumor progression. Among these groups, stem cells are probably the less investigated cells. However, in a comparative view of these migr
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