Mineralization of Hydroxyapatite Induced by Eggshell As Calcium Source with Hydrothermal Synthesis Method
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Mineralization of Hydroxyapatite Induced by Eggshell As Calcium Source with Hydrothermal Synthesis Method Chengli Yaoa,* and Jinmiao Zhua aSchool
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Anhui, 230601 China *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 28, 2019; revised November 24, 2019; accepted November 26, 2019
Abstract—Being no more use than fertilizer, eggshells are generally considered as garbage. A large number of eggshell wastes are produced from food processing, baking, and hatching industries every year. As a biowaste, the eggshell with porous structure can still be fully utilized. In this study, eggshell was used as calcium source and template to induce hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization in hydrothermal reaction. The effects of different calcium sources and phosphorus sources on the morphology and structure of HA were examined. The synthesized particles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy apparatuses. The results showed that the porous of eggshell was beneficial for the infiltration of soluble phosphorus and slowly synthesis of HA under hydrothermal conditions. Porous eggshells and creatine phosphate disodium tended to induce the mineralization of spherical HA. Thus HA derived from biological sources can be a possible material in converting bio-waste into value added products by a simple and effective way. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774520070299
INTRODUCTION Eggshell is a common biological mineral. Chemical composition of eggshell crust is calcium carbonate (94%), magnesium carbonate (1%), calcium phosphate (1%), and organic matter (4%) [1]. The hardness of eggshells is guaranteed by the calcium carbonate. At the same time, the eggshell is also a porous material. Though these minerals are occasionally used as a fertilizer due to their high content of calcium and nitrogen, most of them are discarded as waste. Because of high quality calcium source, eggshell as bio-waste is used to preparation of HA with low cost and at the same time recycling of eggshell also could be taken care of [2]. Hydroxyapatite with chemical composition of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 is a very promising natural reinforcing material for polymers due to its high stiffness and strength. It is, in fact, the prime inorganic constituent (65–70%) of bone and hard tissue matrix that is indirectly bound to collagen through some noncollagenous proteins such as osteocalcin, osteopontin, or osteonectin in nanocrystal form [3]. Synthetic HA have attracted much attention as a reinforcing material in biomedical applications because of its excellent functional properties including biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, nontoxicity, and bioactivity [4, 5]. A number of synthetic routes were developed for preparing HA powders, such as mechanochemical, sol–gel, chemical precipitation, hydrothermal, and micro-emulsion methods. Among the various syn-
thetic routes, the hydrothermal method was proven to be an effective and convenient way to prepare HA sa
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