Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius , T
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Mission impossible completed: unlocking the nomenclature of the largest and most complicated subgenus of Cortinarius, Telamonia Kare Liimatainen1 · Tuula Niskanen1,2 · Bálint Dima3 · Joseph F. Ammirati4 · Paul M. Kirk1 · Ilkka Kytövuori2 Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract So far approximately 144,000 species of fungi have been named but sequences of the majority of them do not exist in the public databases. Therefore, the quality and coverage of public barcode databases is a bottleneck that hinders the study of fungi. Cortinarius is the largest genus of Agaricales with thousands of species world-wide. The most diverse subgenus in Cortinarius is Telamonia and its species have been considered one of the most taxonomically challenging in the Agaricales. Its high diversity combined with convergent, similar appearing taxa have earned it a reputation of being an impossible group to study. In this study a total of 746 specimens, including 482 type specimens representing 184 species were sequenced. Also, a significant number of old types were successfully sequenced, 105 type specimens were over 50 years old and 18 type specimens over 100 years old. Altogether, 20 epi- or neotypes are proposed for recently commonly used older names. Our study doubles the number of reliable DNA-barcodes of species of C. subgenus Telamonia in the public sequence databases. This is also the first extensive phylogenetic study of the subgenus. A majority of the sections and species are shown in a phylogenetic context for the first time. Our study shows that nomenclatural problems, even in difficult groups like C. subgenus Telamonia, can be solved and consequently identification of species based on ITS barcodes becomes an easy task even for non-experts of the genus. Keywords ITS · Type study · Barcode · Neotype · Phylogeny · Section
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00459-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
So far approximately 144,000 species of fungi have been named (Willis 2018) but sequences of the majority of them do not exist in the GenBank or UNITE. Moreover, only a small percentage of the names in the GenBank, about 4800
* Kare Liimatainen [email protected]
1
Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK
Tuula Niskanen [email protected]
2
Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Bálint Dima [email protected]
3
Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
4
Department of Biology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195‑1800, USA
Joseph F. Ammirati [email protected] Paul M. Kirk [email protected] Ilkka Kytövuori [email protected]
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species, are based on sequences from type materials or other reliable sources (Schoch et al. 201
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