Mitochondrial DNA control region variation in an Iraqi population sample
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Mitochondrial DNA control region variation in an Iraqi population sample Suhair M. Jabbar 1 & Nihad A. M. Al-Rashedi 1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Although Iraq has one of the world’s oldest cultural histories and an important geographic location, forensic reference data on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in Iraqi populations are scarce, particularly for populations residing in the southern part of Iraq. Mitochondrial DNA typing is an excellent tool for forensic investigations and in missingperson cases because of its unique qualities, such as mtDNA non-coding control region with specific genetic markers, high copy numbers in cells, maternal inheritance, and lack of recombination. Methods Forensic analysis was performed on the entire mtDNA control region in 203 unrelated Iraqi individuals residing in Samawah City of Iraq. Polymorphisms in the mtDNA were detected using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger-type sequencing, and the sequences were aligned to compare with revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). Results The sequencing results revealed 111 haplotypes characterized by 143 polymorphic positions. Of these haplotypes, 63 were unique and 48 were shared by more than one person. The haplotype data generated in this study will be available on EMPOP via accession number EMP00814. Keywords Forensic science . mtDNA . Haplogroups . EMPOP . Forensic population data . Iraq
Introduction Mitochondrial DNA variations can provide useful information in forensic investigations to identify missing persons and in cases where DNA profiles gathered from human remains such as in war casualties, and from individuals involved in mass disasters and horrific criminal cases, are of poor quality. The application of mtDNA analysis has been a powerful tool for human population and molecular evolution studies, allowing researchers to infer the pattern of human migration in different regions of the world. Mitochondrial genome has several unique features including multiple copy number per cell, Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-02002452-4. * Nihad A. M. Al-Rashedi [email protected]; [email protected] Suhair M. Jabbar [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, College of Science, Al Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
maternal inheritance, lack of recombination, high mutation rates [1], and a higher resistance to nuclease digestion compared with nuclear DNA [2]. Iraq is an Arabic country of southwestern Asia which shares borders with Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Iran (Fig. 1). The Iraqi population was estimated at 38 million in 2017 by the Ministry of Planning. The population of Iraq mainly comprised Arabs (70%) whose official language is Arabic, which originated in the Southern-Central Semitic language and is spoken in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, and other parts of the Middl
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