Modelling of Solid Waste Management Systems of Dhaka City in Bangladesh
In the previous chapters of this part, case studies on system dynamics modelling and simulation of some practical problems have been presented. This chapter presents a case study of environmental management of solid waste management system of Dhaka City,
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In the previous chapters of this part, case studies on system dynamics modelling and simulation of some practical problems have been presented. This chapter presents a case study of environmental management of solid waste management system of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The model of this case study is organised as (1) introduction, (2) dynamic hypothesis, (3) causal loop diagram, (4) stockâflow diagram, (5) model validation, (6) simulation and policy analysis and (7) conclusion to illustrate the system dynamics applications in environmental management based on systems thinking. Population, uncleared waste, untreated waste, composite index and public concern are projected to increase with time for Dhaka City. Simulated composts, CO2 total, CH4 and BOD from energy, leachate production and BOD from leachate over a period of 30 years are also presented. Simulated results also show that increasing the budget for collection capacity alone does not improve environmental quality; rather an increased budget is required for both collection and treatment of solid wastes of Dhaka City. This model can be used as a tool to assess and design policy options of solid waste management.
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Introduction
Solid waste consists of the highly heterogeneous mass of discarded materials from the urban community, as well as the more homogeneous accumulation of agricultural, industrial and mining wastes. The principal sources of solid wastes are residences, commercial establishments, institutions and industrial and agricultural activities. Domestic, commercial and light industrial wastes are considered together as urban wastes. The main constituents of urban solid wastes are similar throughout the world, but the quantity generated, the density and the proportion of constituents vary widely from country to country and from town to town within a country according to the level of economic development, geographic location, weather and social conditions. In general, it has been found that as the personal income # Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 B.K. Bala et al., System Dynamics, Springer Texts in Business and Economics, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2045-2_12
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Modelling of Solid Waste Management Systems of Dhaka City in Bangladesh
rises, kitchen wastes decline but the paper, metal and glass wastes increase; the total weight generated increases but the density of the wastes declines (Rao 1992). Several disposal methods are being used in various parts of the world, and the most prominent of these are open dumping, sanitary landfilling, incineration and composting. Sanitary landfilling is the main method used in industrialised countries, and open dumping is very common in developing countries like Bangladesh and India. Open dumping of solid wastes is practised extensively in Bangladesh because it is cheap and requires no planning. Generally, the low-lying areas and outskirts of the towns and cities are used for this purpose. Sanitary landfilling is a controlled engineered operation, designed and operated according to accept
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