Molecular and morphological identification of Anthocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) predators of three economically
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular and morphological identification of Anthocoris spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) predators of three economically important psyllid species in Razavi Khorasan province, Northeastern Iran Maryam Hassanzadeh-Avval 1 & Hussein Sadeghi-Namaghi 1 & Lida Fekrat 1 Received: 29 July 2019 / Accepted: 23 January 2020 # Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Although correct and precise identification of natural enemies is the bedrock of biological control, traditional identification methods for species may often rely on mundane and time-consuming dissection and rearing methods. The Anthocoris species complex associated with common psyllid species (Cacopsylla pyricola, Agonoscena pistaciae and Psyllopsis repens) in northeastern Iran was investigated. Three species including A. minki (two subspecies: A. minki minki and A. minki pistaciae), A. guentheri and A. nemoralis were identified morphologically (based on male genitalia and other structures used in taxonomic treatments of this genus) and by COI sequence analyses. Species-specific PCR primers were designed and utilized in a multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous identification of species. The primers amplified uniquely sized, species-specific PCR products for each species allowing identification of all species in a single reaction. This multiplex PCR experiments resulted in accurate and swift identification and discrimination of Anthocoris specimens found on main psyllid species in northeastern Iran. Keywords A. guentheri . A. minki . A. nemoralis . Biological control . Multiplex PCR
Introduction The anthocorid bugs (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), commonly referred to as flower bugs or minute pirate bugs, comprise about 400–600 species worldwide (Schuh and Štys 1991; Sayed et al. 2013). Most species are predaceous in both nymphal and adult stages (Anderson 1962; Lattin and Stanton 1992). Anthocoris Fallén, 1814 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae), the second largest genus in the family Anthocoridae, contains more than 70 species distributed worldwide (Pericart 1972, 2007; Ke and Bu 2007; Yamada et al. 2010; Lewis and Horton 2012). Anthocoris spp. are frequently found on broad-leaved plants, particularly on trees, where they feed on a range of prey types including aphids, psyllids, thrips, mites and other small arthropods. Some
* Hussein Sadeghi-Namaghi [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948978, Iran
species are known to be main predators of agricultural pests and may contribute to biological control in crops (Lattin 2000; Horton 2008; Yamada et al. 2010). The Iranian Anthocoris currently includes 16 described species (Pericart 2007; Ghahari et al. 2009; Moulet et al. 2017; Ostovan et al. 2017). Three species (A. nemoralis (Fabricius, 1794), A. pilosus (Jakovlev, 1877) and A. guentheri Péricart, 2007) have hitherto been reported from Mashhad, Khorasan-Razavi province, northeastern Iran (Hassanzadeh Avval and Modarres Avval 2010). Natural enem
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