Molecular characterization of a new bipartite begomovirus that infects okra plants in guerrero, Mexico
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular characterization of a new bipartite begomovirus that infects okra plants in guerrero, mexico Ernestina Valadez‑Moctezuma1 · Samir Samah2 · Lily Xochilt Zelaya‑Molina3 · Joaquín Bernardo Díaz‑Rivera1 Received: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 15 July 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract In Mexico, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is grown mainly for export, but its production is affected by various pests and diseases. Plants with mosaic and chlorotic mottling symptoms were collected in Iguala, Mexico. The transmission tests revealed that the disease was not transmitted neither by seed nor by mechanical means. However, it was transmitted by grafting and by insect vectors. The entire nucleotide sequences of the DNA-A component of three isolates were obtained by PCR and sequencing; all of them were bipartite begomoviruses. The composition of the DNA-A component consists of five open reading frames (ORFs), one in the sense orientation (AV1) and four in antisense orientation (AC1, AC2, AC3 and AC4), in addition to the common region (CR). Sequence comparison and demarcation analyses revealed the presence of a new strain of Okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus—[Mexico:Isolate 13–14:2010], and a new species not previously reported and tentatively named Okra mottle Mexico virus, OMoMV—[Mexico:2005]. The phylogenetic analysis placed the new species in the clade that contains Chino del tomate virus. Recombination analyses suggest that this virus has a putative recombinant event of 93 bases, which may have originated across the exchange of genomic segments in the ORF AV1 + CR region from Chino del tomate virus, Okra yellow mosaic Mexico virus and Corchorus yellow spot virus. Keywords Abelmoschus esculentus · Okra mottle Mexico virus · OMoMV · OYMMV · Viral transmission
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-020-00356-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ernestina Valadez‑Moctezuma [email protected] Lily Xochilt Zelaya‑Molina [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Fitotécnia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Km 38.5 carretera México‑Texcoco, Edo. México, CP 56230 Texcoco, Mexico
2
BiogenetiX-Lab, Blvd Acozac 9, Col. Residencial Acozac, CP 56585 Ixtapaluca, Edo. de México, Mexico
3
Laboratorio de Recursos Genéticos Microbianos, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos – INIFAP, Blvd. de la biodiversidad No. 400, CP 47600 Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jal., Mexico
The okra, bhendi, angú or gombo (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench, Malvaceae family), an African originated crop, is a valuable vegetable in tropical and subtropical regions. This vegetable is most popular in India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Cameroon, Iraq and Ghana, and other countries. India is the largest producer of okra where it is widely grown throughout the year and occupies the first place with 73.25% of total world production (Biswas et al. 2018). Okra i
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