Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human
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CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Molecular characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from human milk samples in Brazil Jéssica Bomfim de Almeida 1,2 & Suzi Pacheco de Carvalho 1 & Lucas S. C. da Silva 2 & Yasmin M. F. S. Andrade 2 & Raiane Cardoso Chamon 3,4 & Kátia Regina Netto dos Santos 3 & Lucas M. Marques 1,2 Received: 26 May 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract Human milk is the best nutrient for infants. The donor human milk is stored in a milk bank before pasteurization. However, the human milk is not sterile and could be colonized with different types of bacteria. Many studies have shown S. aureus to be the most prevalent potential pathogen detected in human milk. This study characterized 22 methicillin-resistant and methicillinsensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw human milk for the presence of virulence genes and agr type. Moreover, the genotypic as identified characterization was realized. The presence of virulence genes sei, seg, sec, seh, and etb was identified in resistant and sensitive strains. We observed the predominance of agr type II. The presence of SCCmec IV (67%, 4/6) and V (33%, 2/6) characterized resistant strains as CA-MRSA. Endemic lineages detected (ST1635/CC5-t002, ST5/CC5-t002, ST72/CC5-t126, ST1/CC1-t127, ST45/CC45-t065, and ST398/t1451) could be related to epidemic clones, such as USA800/ ST5, USA700/ST72, USA400/ST1, USA600/ST45, and ST398. This study made it possible to understand the characteristics of virulence and clonality of some strains that circulate in breast milk in our region. The discovery of human milk colonization by MSSA and MRSA strains with molecular characteristics similar to infectious clones spread globally demonstrates the importance of monitoring strains that can spread and cause serious infections. Keywords Staphylococcus aureus . Breast milk . Virulence . Epidemiology
Human milk is the best nutrient for preterm infants, and evidence in the past few decades has confirmed its substantial benefits including immune and nutritional protection [1, 2]. So, when mother is unable to breastfeed her baby, it is recommended to use of donor human milk (DHM) stored in a human milk bank (HMB) [3, 4]. The HMB are in charge of the Responsible Editor: Ana Lucia da Costa Darini. * Lucas M. Marques [email protected] 1
Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade,, Ilhéus, Brazil
2
Instituto Multidisciplinar de Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Rua Rio de Contas, 58 - Quadra 17 - Lote 58, Bairro Candeias, CEP: 45, Vitória da Conquista, BA 029-094, Brazil
3
Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
4
Centro de Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
collection, analysis, processing, and distribution of human milk that is subject to a quality control system to assess physical, chemic
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