Morphology and properties of ZnO nanostructures by electrochemical deposition: effect of the substrate treatment
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Morphology and properties of ZnO nanostructures by electrochemical deposition: effect of the substrate treatment Sujuan Sun • Shujie Jiao • Kejun Zhang • Dongbo Wang • Hongtao Li • Shiyong Gao • Jinzhong Wang • Qingjiang Yu Fengyun Guo • Liancheng Zhao • Shichen Su
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Received: 21 July 2012 / Accepted: 8 August 2012 / Published online: 21 August 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have been grown by electrochemical deposition on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The influences and mechanism of pre-treatment of ITO on the morphology, density and size of ZnO nanostructures have been studied. Hexagonal dumbbell-like shape of ZnO bipods have been obtained because of the absence of nucleation sites on the unetched ITO substrate. An ITO etching process in dilute HCl results in the instantaneous and high density nucleation process, which was introduced to reduce the system energy and increase the growth density of ZnO nanostructures. Therefore, well-defined hexagonal and dense ZnO nanorods array are deposited on the etched ITO surface.
1 Introduction As a wide band gap semiconductor, Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been studied widely in light-emitting field. In recent years, ZnO nanostructures have been demonstrated to be of crucial importance for the development of novel devices, such as room-temperature UV lasers, light-emitting diodes (LED) [1, 2], solar cells, gas sensor, catalysts [3, 4] and so on [5]. A variety of ZnO nanostructures have been
S. Sun S. Jiao (&) K. Zhang D. Wang H. Li S. Gao J. Wang Q. Yu F. Guo L. Zhao Department of Optoelectrical Materials and Quantumn Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] S. Su Institute of Optoelectronic Material and Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People’s Republic of China
reported, such as belts [6], helices [7], wires [1], rods [8], tubes [9] and other complex structures. Among these structures, one dimensional ZnO nanorods or nanowires, in particular, have attracted considerable attention because of their unique properties in field-emission transistors, singleelectron transistors, UV emission lasing and chemical sensing applications. Electrochemical deposition is a considerably promising approach for growing nanomaterials because of its low cost, large-scale production, and low-temperature growth [10–12]. Generally, the morphology and size of nanomaterials can be easily controlled by varying the electrochemical parameters. There are several primary factors that influence the morphology of ZnO nanostructures: the substrate [13], the electrolyte [14], the applying potential and current density [15], and bath temperature [16]. Among these parameters, the substrate plays a very important role in the electrochemical deposition, which not only acts as a cathode, but also affects the nucleation and morphology of products inducing from different lattice constant, the s
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