Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation for the Aging Female
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WOMEN'S HEALTH REHABILITATION (S BENNIS AND C FITZGERALD, SECTION EDITORS)
Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation for the Aging Female Sol M. Abreu-Sosa 1
&
Colleen M. Sullivan 2 & Sheila A. Dugan 1
Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of the Review Discuss issues of musculoskeletal rehabilitation unique to the aging female population. Recent Findings Physiologic and anatomic changes contribute to functional decline, morbidity, and mortality in aging women. As the lifespan increases, the burden of pain-related disability impacts women more commonly than men. Maintaining physical activity plays an important role in reducing the burden of disability. Summary Physical function limitations are potentially modifiable but prevention is preferable. Further research in prevention and management of rehabilitation issues (including sarcopenia, frailty, and bone and joint disease) in aging women is important. Keywords Sarcopenia . Frailty . Musculoskeletal . Osteoarthritis . Disability . Physical Activity . Function
Introduction The process of aging is universally experienced in the life cycle [1]. By definition, aging is a progressive physiological change in an organism that leads to senescence, or a decline of biological functions, physiological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social processes [2]. Aging also causes declines in function of the senses and activities of daily life and increases susceptibility to and frequency of disease, frailty, or disability. In fact, advancing age is the major risk factor for a myriad of chronic diseases in humans. The World Health Organization estimates that those aged 60 and over will contribute to 22% of the world population by year 2050 and will reach two billion worldwide in the next 50 years Reduction in muscle strength and coordination of the lower extremities accompanied by decreased gait assurance and This article is part of the Topical Collection on Women’s Health Rehabilitation * Sol M. Abreu-Sosa [email protected] Colleen M. Sullivan [email protected] Sheila A. Dugan [email protected] 1
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
2
Veterans Affairs Medical Center Battle Creek, Michigan, USA
balance control are the result of physical deterioration in an older body. [3] Maximal voluntary force (strength) production declines with age and contributes to physical dependence and mortality. Age-related reduction in muscle is a direct cause of the age-related decrease in muscle strength [4•]. Muscle mass (not function) appears to be the major determinant of the ageand sex-related differences in strength. Reduced muscle strength in the elderly is a major cause for their increased prevalence of disability [4•].
The Physiologic Consequences of Aging: Sarcopenia and Frailty Over the past several decades, the scientific community has realized that dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system is a debilitating and life-threatening condition in elderly patients. As we age, overa
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