Mutual relations between jasmonic acid and acibenzolar- S -methyl in the induction of resistance to the two-spotted spid
- PDF / 929,006 Bytes
- 21 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 15 Downloads / 133 Views
Mutual relations between jasmonic acid and acibenzolar-S-methyl in the induction of resistance to the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) in apple trees Wojciech Warabieda1 · M. Markiewicz1 · D. Wójcik1 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 / Published online: 28 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The possibility of inducing resistance to the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, in ‘Gala’ apple trees growing under optimal fertilization or nitrogen-deficiency conditions was investigated. The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) at 1.5 and 2.5 mM, and acibenzolar-S-methyl (benzothiadiazole, BTH) at 0.5 and 1.5 mM, applied separately or together, on the fecundity of T. urticae females in a laboratory test as well as on the population growth of the pest in a greenhouse experiment were determined. The influence of both elicitors on the induction of LOX and PAL gene expression was assessed in a parallel experiment using real-time PCR. Jasmonic acid showed significantly higher effectiveness in inducing apple tree resistance to T. urticae, as compared to BTH. This was particularly evident in the reduction in pest numbers that was observed in the greenhouse experiment and was also confirmed by increased LOX gene expression after treatment with JA. BTH induced the expression of the PAL gene more strongly than jasmonic acid; however, this was not reflected in the performance of the two-spotted spider mite in the laboratory and greenhouse experiments. It was also found that the antagonistic effect of BTH on JA might lead to decreased effectiveness of the jasmonic acid used to induce apple tree resistance to the two-spotted spider mite. Although nitrogen fertilization stimulated the development of spider mite populations, the resistance induction mechanism was more effective in N-fertilized plants, which was especially evident at the higher jasmonic acid concentration. Keywords Mites · Induced resistance · Salicylic acid · Benzothiadiazole · Antagonism
Introduction Spider mites, including the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, are harmful pests of apple orchards, which can build up very large populations causing severe economic losses. Such a situation often occurs in orchards with an imbalance * Wojciech Warabieda [email protected] 1
Research Institute of Horticulture, 1/3 Konstytucji 3 Maja, 96‑100 Skierniewice, Poland
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
60
Experimental and Applied Acarology (2020) 82:59–79
between pests and predators as a result of incorrect management using non-selective pesticides. For many years, there has been a tendency in agriculture to reduce the use of pesticides. It relates to the increasing public awareness concerning the negative effects of excessive use of chemicals in agriculture on the environment and human health. With the increased interest in limiting the use of pesticides, the integrated pest management (IPM) method of suppressing populations of pathogens or pests has been developed. Due to the limitation in the number of ac
Data Loading...
