Nanodiamond-based Nanolubricants: polyester oil based formulations
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Nanodiamond-based Nanolubricants: polyester oil based formulations M. Ivanov1, D. Ivanov1, S.V. Pavlyshko2, A. Koscheev3 and Olga A. Shenderova4 1
Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia,
2
Institute of Engineering, Science Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg, 620219, Russia,
3
Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
4
International Technology Center, Raleigh, NC, 27617, USA
ABSTRACT In the current work tribological properties of different compositions of lubricant additives based on detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles are reported. As compared to the previous findings using polyalphaolefin oil as a base oil for the additives, it is demonstrated that polymer esters are also a valuable base oil for the additive preparation. It is also demonstrated that synergistic compositions of DND with organic molybdenum provide significant improvement of the polyalphaolephin and mineral oils lubricating properties. Treatment of of DND with fluorine containing gases is an additional possibility toward reduced friction and wear of the DND-based nanolubricants. INTRODUCTION Recently it was demonstrated that detonation nanodiamond (DND) produced on a large scale from carbon-containing explosives [1] is one of the most promising nanocolloidal additives, significantly reducing friction and wear [2-10]. Preliminary results also demonstrate that the combination of DND with other selected friction modifying additives provide significant improvements of lubricant performance (synergistic effect) [5,7,8]. Specifically, Ivanov et al. demonstrated that using a combination of DND with ultradispersed PTFE particles results in excellent lubrication properties in oils and greases, well exceeding those when only PTFE or only DND additives are used. It is speculated that the combination of PTFE-DND creates a robust tribological film that can withstand higher loads and can much better protect friction surfaces from failure. Besides formation of a more robust tribological film when used in combination with polymer-based additives, it is also speculated that DND can play a role of carriers of molecular anti-friction (AF) and anti-wear (AW) additives, such as molybdenum dithiophosphate (MoDTP) and zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP), among the most popular AF and AW additives [10]. Thus, one of the focuses of the present paper is investigation of the role of MoDTP in combination with DND in the nanolubricant formulations. Another important issue in the preparation of nanodiamond-based additives is the role of a base oil, where DND is initially suspended and then added to the industrial oil. In our previous work polyalphaolefin oil PAO-6 was used for this purpose [7-9]. An alternative possibility is the use of a base oil that has more advanced lubricating properties, such as, for example, polyester (PE) based oils. In the current paper the application of a polyester based oil for preparation of DND additives is reported for the first time.
Another important requirement for DND formulations in their tribological applications
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