Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography
Cranial ultrasonography is the most accessible, patient friendly, and cheapest neuroimaging technique on the neonatal ward. It provides important information on brain maturation in the (preterm) neonate and enables the detection of frequently occurr
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Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography Second Edition
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Gerda Meijler
Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography
Gerda Meijler
Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography Second Edition With 87 Figures and 6 Tables
Gerda Meijler Department of Paediatrics Division of Neonatology University of Toronto The Hospital for Sick Children 555 University Avenue Toronto Ontario, M5G 1X8 Canada [email protected] Leiden University Medical Center Department of Paediatrics Division of Neonatology PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands [email protected] ISBN 978-3-642-21319-9 e-ISBN 978-3-642-21320-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21320-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011940857 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
In memory of my father: Frits Louis Meijler, who was and still is the most inspiring person I know.
Contents
Part I
The Cranial Ultrasound Procedure 1 1.1 1.2
2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2 2.3 3 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2
Cranial Ultrasonography: Advantages and Aims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of Cranial Ultrasonography . . . . . . . . . . Aims of Neonatal Cranial Ultrasonography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 3 4
Cranial Ultrasonography: Technical Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ultrasound Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sonographer and Safety Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 7 7 7 10 13
Performing Cranial Ultrasound Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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