New hatchery methods for efficient spore use and seedling production of Palmaria palmata (dulse)
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23RD INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM, JEJU
New hatchery methods for efficient spore use and seedling production of Palmaria palmata (dulse) Peter Søndergaard Schmedes 1
&
Mette Møller Nielsen 1
Received: 20 August 2019 / Revised and accepted: 11 November 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Palmaria palmata (dulse) is a high valued rhodophyte; nevertheless, its hatchery methods are underdeveloped. New hatchery methods are required to improve the spore use efficiency and seeding quality, which are important benchmarks for a viable cultivation. This study investigated a method using vertical seeding tanks (exp. 1), hemispherical agitation and flow-through conditions to improve spore dispersal on net substrates. Tanks were inoculated with different amounts of sori tissue, which sporulated in three consecutive seeding periods. The results demonstrated significant effect of seeding period where 5–15 g FW sori could be used to seed three nets (~ 126 m rope) over the course of 9 days providing a density up to 10 seedlings cm−1 after 32 days. The effluent spores were collected in detaining tanks and germinated into a propagule mix of female and male gametophytes. The propagule mix was efficient as a secondary seeding inoculum, as propagules were able to reattach to substrates up to 39 days after their release as spores (exp. 2). Adding male gametes to the propagule mix and spore seeded ropes was tested as a relevant hatchery step to activate female gametophytes and significantly resulted in more than a doubling of seedlings (exp. 3). This study present new methods and strategies to improve spore use efficiency and to obtain an equal spore dispersal on net substrates for hatchery production of P. palmata. Keywords Rhodophyta . Dulse cultivation . Spore dispersal . Fertilization . Hatchery . Tetraspores . Reattachment . Spore seeding
Introduction The rhodophyte Palmaria palmata (L.) F. Weber and D. Mohr has traditionally been used for human consumption with records dating back to the ninth century (Mouritsen et al. 2013). The emerging evidence of its umami flavor (Mouritsen et al. 2013), bioactive and health properties of protein hydrolysates (Harnedy et al. 2014; Admassu et al. 2018), water extracts (Lee et al. 2017), and biorefined compounds (Schiener et al. 2017) has renewed interest in the use of P. palmata, resulting in increased focus on its cultivation. P. palmata can be cultivated in tanks using vegetative growth (Morgan and Simpson 1981; Pang and Lüning 2004; Matos et al. 2006; Corey et al. 2014), but the prospects of cultivating the species from tetraspores have lately
* Peter Søndergaard Schmedes [email protected] 1
Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Øroddevej 80, 7900 Nykobing Mors, Denmark
received increasing attention in Europe (Edwards and Dring 2011; Werner and Dring 2011; Sanderson et al. 2012). However, despite studies founding the essential understanding of the life cycle (van der Meer and Chen 1979; van der Meer and Todd 1980) and cultivating P. palmata from spores (Browne 2001; Sand
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