Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region
The objective of the book is to make a comprehensive documentation of the observed variability and change of the regional climate system over the Indian region using the past observed data. The book addresses all the important parameters of regional clima
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M.N. Rajeevan Shailesh Nayak Editors
Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region
Springer Geology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10172
M.N. Rajeevan Shailesh Nayak •
Editors
Observed Climate Variability and Change over the Indian Region
123
Editors M.N. Rajeevan Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India New Delhi, Delhi India
ISSN 2197-9545 Springer Geology ISBN 978-981-10-2530-3 DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2531-0
Shailesh Nayak Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India New Delhi, Delhi India
ISSN 2197-9553
(electronic)
ISBN 978-981-10-2531-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950895 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #22-06/08 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Foreword
India is one of the few countries in the tropics that have a long record of observations that are necessary to understand tropical climate variability. These long records are essential to understand changes in climate that occur over both short and long time scales. During the past 50 years, there has been a concern about the influence of human beings on the earth’s climate. Climate can change over a long period on account of natural causes. Major ice ages have occurred on our Earth every 100,000 years during the past few million years. These were caused by small changes in the Earth’s orbital parameters. In the twentieth century, the changes in climate have occurred both on account of human activities and natural variability. To unravel the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural causes is a great challenge. We need to differentiate between modes of natural variability from changes induced by human actions. This book documents the changes in clima
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