Pain as a Perceptual Experience
Human perception has been likened to a hologram. A hologram exists by converging two or more laser beams together, producing a three-dimensional vision that is very real, but doesn’t really exist. You can put your hand right through a hologram, yet it is
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Albert L. Ray, Rhonwyn Ullmann, and Michael C. Francis
Key Points
• Human perception • Pain perception • Physical contribution, including nervous system and fascial network • Cognitive contribution • Memory contribution • Emotional contribution • Mind contribution
Definitions Hologram: A three-dimensional image created by intersecting two or more laser beams of light. The more laser beams intersecting, the richer the image. Pain hologram: A perceptual experience likened to a hologram comprised of “laser beam” inputs from physical nervous system and fascia, cognitions, emotions, memory, and mindful contributions, differing in intensity from person
A.L. Ray, M.D. (*) The LITE Center, 5901 SW 74 St, Suite 201, South Miami, FL 33143, USA University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA e-mail: [email protected] R. Ullmann, BS, M.S. The LITE Center, 5901 SW 74 St, Suite 201, South Miami, FL 33143, USA e-mail: [email protected] M.C. Francis, M.D. St. Jude Medical, New Orleans, LA, USA Integrative Pain Medicine Center, New Orleans, LA, USA e-mail: [email protected]
to person, thereby creating the uniqueness to each person’s pain experience. Neuroplasticity: The ability of the nervous system to change itself throughout the entire life cycle. The operating system by which the nervous system develops its patterns of functioning in both states of health and illness and by which it maintains the balance between sensory and motor function. Sensitization: A process by which the neuroplastic nature of the nervous system alters normal transmission into an abnormal state. This can occur in pain states and result in pain as a disease state (maldynia), rather than as a normal occurrence (eudynia). It can also happen in other sensory states, as well, such as auditory, visual, olfactory, and tactile sensations. Eudynia: Normal nociceptive pain; warning pain; pain as a symptom; has value to the person. Maldynia: Abnormal pain; pain as a disease state and not a symptom; has no value to the person. Persistent pain: A state of unremitting maldynia, with or without the additional input of eudynia. TANS: Tonically active neurons; an area in the caudate that modulates cognitive input with emotional input, interacting with memory and having output to the thalamus and basal ganglia and eventually to the motor cortex. TANS are also responsive to auditory or visual stimuli that are linked to reward. Tensegrity: A term derived from a contraction of “tensional integrity”; a term to describe a structural relationship that allows for a system to yield without breaking; a term used to describe how the fascial system maintains its integrity while allowing movement of its encapsulated structures, such as muscle; a term that allows for an understanding of why the fascial system could stand on its own, if the bones and muscles were removed from the body. Price’s Two Dimensions of All Pains Sensory-discriminative: Highly localized; discrete; signal transmitted from dorsal horn via spinothalamic tract to thalamus and contralat
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