Papain-Like Proteases of Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the major humanpathogens, causing a number of diverse infections. the growing antibiotic resistance, including vancomycin and methicilin-resistant strains raises the special interest in virulence mechanism of this path
- PDF / 355,732 Bytes
- 14 Pages / 505 x 720 pts Page_size
- 101 Downloads / 270 Views
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Poland; 2Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA; 3Oral Health and Systemic Disease Research Facility, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA *Corresponding Author: Jan Potempa—Email: [email protected]
Abstract:
Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the major human pathogens, causing a number of diverse infections. The growing antibiotic resistance, including vancomycin and methicilin-resistant strains raises the special interest in virulence mechanism of this pathogen. Among a number of extracellular virulence factors, S. aureus secretes several proteases of three catalytic classes—metallo, serine and papain-like cysteine proteases. The expression of proteolytic enzymes is strictly controlled by global regulators of virulence factors expression agr and sar and proteases take a role in a phenotype change in postlogarithmic phase of growth. The staphylococcal proteases are secreted as proenzymes and undergo activation in a cascade manner. Staphopains, two cysteine, papain-like proteases of S. aureus are both ~20 kDa proteins that have almost identical three-dimensional structures, despite sharing limited primary sequence identity. Although staphopain A displays activity similar to cathepsins, recognising hydrophobic residues at P2 position and large charged ? \
mammalian cysteine cathepsins. It is an evolutionary paradox that this major family of cysteine peptidases encompassing more than 3,300 sequences listed in the MEROPS Data Base (http://merops.sanger.ac.uk) have relatively few representatives in bacteria.
& and a gene encoding papain-like protein were found in 121 out of 764 bacteria with completely sequenced genomes. In this context, it is interesting to note that all Lactococci spp. and Streptococci spp. with sequenced genomes contain at least one C1 family representative, aminopeptidase C. Up to date there are no reports that this peptidase or its homologues are involved in any aspect of bacterial pathogenicity. In stark contrast, cysteine proteases grouped in four different families, including family \ \ \ \
Data Loading...
