Pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide as an emerging public health concern: a systematic review and me
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ARTHROPODS AND MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY - REVIEW
Pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide as an emerging public health concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis of past five decades Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi 1,2 & Ehsan Ahmadpour 3,4 & Fariba Pashazadeh 5 & Asiyeh Dezhkam 1 & Mehdi Zarean 6 & Raheleh Rafiei-Sefiddashti 7 & Alireza Salimi-Khorashad 8 & Saeed Hosseini-Teshnizi 9 & Teimour Hazratian 4,10 & Domenico Otranto 11 Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pediculosis by Pediculus humanus capitis is still an important health issue in school-age students worldwide. Although pediculicidal agents effectively kill head lice, the re-infestation rate is still high. This study was conducted to provide a summary of evidence about the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school-age students worldwide. Different databases including MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for publications related to pediculosis capitis in school-age students from 1977 to 2020. All peer-reviewed original research articles describing pediculosis capitis among school-age students were included. Statistical heterogeneity of the different years among studies was assessed using the standard chi squared and I2 tests. Due to the significant heterogeneity, a random effect model was adopted to estimate the pooled, continent, and genderspecific prevalence of pediculosis. Two hundred and one papers met the inclusion criteria of this review and entered into the meta-analysis including 1,218,351 individuals. Through a random effect model, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis among school students was estimated as 19% (CI 95% = 0.18–0.20%, I2 = 99.89%). The prevalence of pediculosis capitis among boys was 7% (CI 95% = 0.05–0.10) compared to 19% (CI 95% = 0.15–0.24) in girls. The highest prevalence was in Central and South America (33%, CI 95% = 0.22–0.44, I2 = 99.81%) and the lowest was in Europe (5%, CI 95% = 4–6, I2 = 99.28%). Relatively high pediculosis capitis prevalence among school-age students observed in this study emphasizes the need for implementing screening and prophylaxis tailored to the local context. Keywords Pediculosis capitis . School-age students . Worldwide Handling Editor: Una Ryan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06847-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ehsan Ahmadpour [email protected] 1
School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
2
Research Center for Contagious Diseases and Tropical Infections, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
3
Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
4
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
5
Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Scien
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