Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs
Finally - a book that covers all aspects of the illicit use of cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy and/or designer drugs such as GHB, written by two experts in their field. The use of these drugs remains a continuous threat in health and medical care delivery,
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Enno Freye
Pharmacology and Abuse of Cocaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy and Related Designer Drugs A Comprehensive Review on their Mode of Action, Treatment of Abuse and Intoxication
In Collaboration with Joseph V. Levy†
Enno Freye, MD, PhD Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf Germany [email protected]
In collaboration with Joseph V. Levy†, PhD University of the Pacific School of Dentistry 2155 Webster St. San Francisco CA 94115 USA
ISBN 978-90-481-2447-3 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2448-0 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2448-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926516 © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................... Incidence of Illicit Use of Cocaine and Other Drugs.........................................
1 1
Part I How It All Started with Cocaine...................................................... Botanical Characteristics of Coca Leaves..........................................................
5 7
Production of the Coca Leaf...........................................................................
9
Cocaine: History of Use................................................................................... Coca Consumption with Wine........................................................................... Coca in Refreshing Beverages........................................................................... Regulatories for Use of Cocaine........................................................................
13 15 15 16
Popularity of Cocaine as a Drug for Medical Treatment............................. Use of Cocaine as a Local Anesthetic................................................................ The Different Forms of Cocaine........................................................................
19 21 25
The Different Types of Alkaloids in Coca......................................................
27
The Making of Cocaine in the Jungle............................................................ Steps Refining Coca Paste to Cocaine Base...................................................... Trafficking of Cocaine: The Legal Approach.................................................... Profit Making and Trafficking of Cocaine: The Illegal Approach..................... Smuggling of Cocaine........................................................................................ Diluting or “Cutting” of Cocaine.............
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