Photo-oxidative degradation of organo-functionalized vermiculite clay-reinforced polyimide composites
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Photo‑oxidative degradation of organo‑functionalized vermiculite clay‑reinforced polyimide composites Nisar Ali1,2 · Farman Ali3 · Romana Farooq3 · Amir Said3 · Shaukat Saeed4 · Muhammad Bilal5 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 July 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Herein, accelerated photo-oxidation under UV light of polyimide (PI) films filled with functionalized vermiculite (VMT) clay (i.e., 1–7 wt %.) were examined from 0 to 600 h. Thick films (⁓ 60 µm) were fabricated and exposed to accelerated UV light (λ > 295 nm). The as-synthesized PI-reinforced clay nanocomposites were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning surface micrograph (SEM), yellowing index, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The surface morphology examined by SEM exhibits well exfoliation of VMT clay in the PI matrix. The change in internal chemistry on a higher temperature and clay composition is found to be the result of the aggregation of clay. The yellowing index determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy followed a similar tendency as the carbonyl index. TGA analysis revealed good heat resistance in clay-based PI due to the lower thermal expansion of clay reinforcement. Overall, the data clearly showed a better photo-stability of the developed clay/PI composites over the pristine polymer. It is concluded that clay-based PI could be a better alternative in applications requiring harsh conditions, as clay has improved the oxidative, thermal, and insulation properties of the PI matrix. Keywords Polyimide films · Vermiculite clay · Polyimide-reinforced clay nanocomposite · Photo-oxidation · UV radiations · Thermal resistance
Introduction Organic–inorganic composites are high-performance materials to replace the existing materials and encouragingly to gain new application requirements (Mago, Kalyon, and Fisher 2011). The addition of inorganic nanoparticles can considerably increase the properties of the polymer such as * Nisar Ali [email protected] * Muhammad Bilal [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
3
Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra‑21300, KPK, Pakistan
4
Department of Chemistry, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
5
School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
stiffness, heat resistance, toughness, barrier properties, flame retardancy, and rheological behaviors (Prashantha, Lacrampe, and Krawczak 2013; Wypych 2018). In this regard, a large clay aspect ratio is achieved and desirable by wide exfoliation of nanoparticle flakes and delamination. Exfoliated structures are favored by appropriate mixing processes and strong interfacial adhesion that also influences the uniform distribution of the clay layer with a composite matrix (Zhang e
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