Photobiomodulation can prevent apoptosis in cells from mouse periodontal ligament
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Photobiomodulation can prevent apoptosis in cells from mouse periodontal ligament Luan Viana Faria 1 & Ingrid Navarro Andrade 1 & Lúcia Mara Januário dos Anjos 1 & Marcos Vinícius Queiroz de Paula 2 & Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca 3,4,5 & Flávia de Paoli 1 Received: 9 October 2019 / Accepted: 20 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used to modulate the inflammatory and immune responses, pain relief, and to promote wound healing. PBM is widely used in dental practice and its cellular effects should be investigated. The aim was to evaluate if PBM changes proteins cell death–related, such as caspase-6 and Bcl-2, in periodontal ligament cells. Eighteen mice were divided in three groups (n = 6), i.e., (I) control, (II) 3 J cm−2, and (III) 30 J cm−2. Low power infrared laser (830 nm) parameters were power at 10 mW, energy densities at 3 and 30 J cm−2 in continuous emission mode, exposure time of 15 and 150 s, respectively for 4 days in a row. Twentyfour hours after last irradiation, the animals were euthanized, and their jaws were fixed and decalcified. Caspase-6 and Bcl-2 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical techniques, and DNA fragmentation was evaluated by TUNEL. Statistical differences were not significant to caspase-6 mRNA relative levels in tissues from jaws at both energy densities, but a significant increase of Bcl-2 mRNA relative levels was obtained at 30 J cm−2 group. Also, 30 J cm−2 group showed caspase-6 positive–labeled cells decreased and Bcl-2 positive–labeled cells significantly increased. TUNEL-labeled cells demonstrated DNA fragmentation decreased at 30 J cm−2. PBM can alter Bcl-2 mRNA relative level and both caspase-6 and Bcl-2 protein, modulating cell survival, as well as to reduce DNA fragmentation. More studies must be performed in order to obtain conclusive results about photobiostimulation effects using infrared low-level laser in apoptosis process as to achieve the optimum dosage. Keywords Apoptosis . Bcl-2 . Caspase-6 . DNA fragmentation . Periodontal ligament . Photobiomodulation
* Luan Viana Faria [email protected] 1
Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/ n - Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036900, Brazil
2
Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/ n - Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36036900, Brazil
3
Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Boulevard Vinte e Oito de Setembro, 87, fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551030, Brazil
4
Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Frei Caneca, 94, Rio de Janeiro 20211040, Brazil
5
Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Ce
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