Population Genetics of Narcissus Species Reveals High Diversity and Multiple Introductions into Kashmir
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Population Genetics of Narcissus Species Reveals High Diversity and Multiple Introductions into Kashmir Irtefa Mohammed1 • S. I. Rehman2 • A. A. Mir3 • M. Siddique2 • M. S. Dar1 M. D. Shah1 • N. H. Masoodi2 • Bilal. A. Padder1
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Received: 17 April 2018 / Accepted: 3 March 2020 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2020
Abstract Kashmir valley is rich in flora and fauna that is mostly fragmented. Among various ornamental plants, Narcissus is considered exotic and poses threat to local biodiversity. Neutral molecular markers have been exploited for providing information on the diversity and population structure of various invasive and native populations. In the present investigation, 40 samples belonging to five different Narcissus species were genotyped using 13 random amplified microsatellite markers. Dendrogram and principal component analysis revealed high genetic diversity without congruence on geographical or species level. Analysis of molecular variance revealed maximum variability within (93.49%) the Narcissus populations. Fixation indices at the population level were low except for N. poeticus and N. tazetta, indicating slight genetic differentiation in them. Pairwise FST comparisons between five Narcissus populations were low to high. The high diversity observed in the present investigation indicates that the Narcissus species have not gone through any bottleneck due to either multiple introductions or the presence of these species from decades. To ascertain the exotic nature of Narcissus species, a thorough investigation into the species grown in the valley and Narcissus species grown in the centre of origin based on neutral markers is needed. Keywords Genetic diversity Population structure Narcissus Invasive alien Random amplified microsatellites
Introduction Narcissus holds a place of pride among the spring-flowering temperate bulbous flower crops. It is known by various common names, including daffodil and jonquil. Its flower is considered the symbol of friendship with an Irtefa Mohammed and S. I. Rehman have equally contributed to the present investigation and share equal contribution. & Bilal. A. Padder [email protected] 1
Plant Virology and Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Division of Plant Pathology, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, India
2
Division of Floriculture and Land Scape Architecture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, India
3
Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, UK 246174, India
excellent landscape value besides being used as an important cut flower and an ornamental plant for gardens and parks. Geographically, Narcissus is concentrated in the Mediterranean region, particularly in the Iberian Peninsula, Morocco and southern France [5]. All the Narcissus species are summer dormant and winter-growing bulbs. Most of the species flower in late winter or early spring except certain species that flower in autumn. Economically, Narcissus is one of the most important ornamental plants [17, 19
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