Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Porcine hemothropic mycoplasmas infection associated with productive impact in intensive pig production Fernando Antônio Moreira Petri1, Karina Sonalio1, Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida1, Maria Eugênia Silveira Ferraz2, Gabriel Yuri Storino1, Mauro Rodrigo de Souza3, Marcos Rogério André1 and Luis Guilherme de Oliveira1*
Abstract Background: So far, three porcine hemoplasmas (PH) have been identified, namely Mycoplasma suis, Mycoplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma haemosuis. The first one is the main agent associated with porcine hemoplasmosis, a possible cause of economic losses in pig production. Thus, this work aimed to detect and quantify PH 16S rRNA in finishing pigs and to associate its load estimate with average daily weight gain (ADWG). For this purpose, whole blood samples from 318 pigs were collected at an age of 75 days (d0) when the pigs entered the finishing phase and 105 days later (d105). To calculate ADWG, the animals were weighed at the abovementioned dates. Then, DNA from blood samples were submitted to a qPCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene for PH. Spearman correlation test was performed to investigate potential associations between ADWG and the quantification values. Lastly, the molecular characterization of PH was done by sequencing the 23S rDNA gene. Results: Out of the 318 samples, 190 (59.74%) were positive on d0, and 304 (95.6%) were positive on d105. A significant correlation was observed (p < 0.05), albeit with a low coefficient value (0.18), when comparing ADWG with quantification values on d105. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 23S rDNA gene showed that four sequences were closely related to M. parvum, and one sequence was positioned in the M. suis cluster. Conclusion: Two PH, M. suis and M. parvum, were detected in a Brazilian pig farm. Moreover, increasing occurrence through time was observed, which may have affected the productive performance of positive animals, mainly at the end of the finishing phase, when antimicrobials are removed. Keywords: ADWG, Intensive pig production, Mycoplasma parvum, Mycoplasma suis, qPCR
Background Hemotropic mycoplasmas (HMs), also known as hemoplasmas, are commonly associated with infectious anemia in pigs [1]. So far, three hemoplasma species have been described infecting swine, namely M. suis, M. parvum, and M. haemosuis [2–4]. Mycoplasma suis is the main * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
agent associated with the swine hemoplasmosis or eperythrozoonosis, which is caused by the pathogen’s adherence to the RBCs surface, triggering the cell’s death [5, 6]. Also, swine hemoplasmosis has been pointed out as a possible cause of economic losses worldwide [1, 6, 7]. On the other hand, M. parvum infection has been associated with the absence of clinical signs, even at the peak of ba
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