Potentialities of Cashew Nut ( Anacardium occidentale ) By-Product for Pharmaceutical Applications: Extraction and Purif
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Potentialities of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale) By-Product for Pharmaceutical Applications: Extraction and Purification Technologies, Safety, and Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritis Activities Ariane Teixeira dos Santos 1 & Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra 2 & José Ivan Marques 1 & Manoela Torres-Rêgo 1,3 & Jovelina Samara Ferreira Alves 1 & Roseane Carvalho Vasconcelos 4 & Daline Fernandes de Souza Araújo 5 & Lucas Silva Abreu 6 & Thaís Gomes de Carvalho 7 & Daniel Rodrigo Cavalcante de Araújo 8 & Josean Fechine Tavares 6 & Aurigena Antunes de Araújo 2 Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior 7 & Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa 1 & Leandro de Santis Ferreira 1 & Silvana Maria Zucolotto 1
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Received: 14 June 2020 / Accepted: 24 August 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2020
Abstract The large consumption of cashew nut from Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, generates accumulation of shells, a solid by-product from agri-food industry. The cashew nut shell liquid is rich in phenolic lipids, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and the shell of this fruit carry the great oil. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the potential of the residual shells as a source of phenolic lipids and bioactive extract for pharmaceutical applications. The ethyl acetate extract from the oil of the chestnut bark of A. occidentale (M3 extract) was optimized to obtain a phenolic lipid-rich extract and preparative chromatography was used to increase the yield of isolated phenolic lipid derivatives. In addition, the toxicity profile, anti-inflammatory, and acute and chronic anti-arthritis activities of the M3 extract were evaluated in in vivo models. The M3 extract (25–100 mg/kg) on zymosan-induced air pouch and arthritis models revealed a significant antiedematogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. The post-treatment with M3 extract at dose of 100 mg/kg dependently improved a complete Freud’s adjuvant-induced arthritis model, with prevention osteoarticular degradation. Therefore, these results report that bioactive M3 extract obtained from by-product is safe, eco-friendly, and promising for the rheumatoid arthritis therapy.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s43450-020-00090-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Silvana Maria Zucolotto [email protected]
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Departamento de Odontologia, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 300, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59078-970, Brazil
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Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Trairí, s/n, Centro, Santa Cruz, RN 59200-000, Brazil
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Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Av. Contorno da Cidade Universitária, s/n, Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil
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Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senad
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