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REVIEW

New aspects of deep eutectic solvents: extraction, pharmaceutical applications, as catalyst and gas capture Fatemeh Soltanmohammadi1,2 · Abolghasem Jouyban3,4,5 · Ali Shayanfar3,4  Received: 21 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020

Abstract  Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have widely applied in various fields. Given this and that DESs has low toxicity and are green solvents, new aspects of these solvents have been recently considered by researchers. In this review, after a brief explanation of different types and the physicochemical properties of DESs, i.e., melting temperature, volatility, viscosity, electric conductivity; their applications in extraction of various compounds e.g. organic and inorganic chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and proteins, biodiesel production, pharmaceutical applications, catalyst and gas capture were presented so that researchers can find out about the new aspects of these solvents. Graphic abstract

Keywords  Deep eutectic solvents · Chemistry · Application · Green chemistry · Properties

Introduction

* Ali Shayanfar [email protected] 1



Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

2



Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

3

Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

4

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

5

Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran





Owing to the advent of green chemistry from more than 20 years ago and according to available principles based on the safety of solvents and auxiliaries, the need for alternative solvents will be apparent. Water as the primary biological and the safest solvent was considered as the first candidate solvent, but with further experiments, it was founded inappropriate because of the uncontrollable intrinsic properties of water. On the other hand, solvent-free chemistry has been spread, and used in organic chemistry and it is helping to better understand dry state reactions and microwave heating techniques. Both of these methods and other similar methods are making an effort to eliminate volatile organic solvents because of their problems consist of toxicity, environmental damage and hazards in handling (Clark and Tavener 2007). In order to solve the above mentioned problems, the volume of used solvents should be reduced or green and safe

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Vol.:(0123456789)



Chemical Papers

Table 1  List of compounds which are used as HBA for DESs

Name Choline chloride

Choline nitrate

Choline acetate

Alanine

Tetramethylammonium chloride

Betaine

N-ethyl-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethanaminium chloride 2-[(Chlorocarbonyl)oxy]-N,N,Ntrimethylethanaminium chloride

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Structure

Chemical Papers Table 1  (continued)

N-benzyl-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylethanaminium chloride