Pre-conception Risk Assessment: Gynaecological Problems
Infertility has increased in Western societies; one in six couples will encounter problems with fertility. Infertility is defined as failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular intercourse for 12 months. Women are delaying childbearing due to li
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Kanna Jayaprakasan Lucy Kean Editors
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Clinical Management of Pregnancies following ART
Kanna Jayaprakasan • Lucy Kean Editors
Clinical Management of Pregnancies following ART
Editors Kanna Jayaprakasan, MD, MRCOG, PhD Department of Maternity and Gynaecology Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham Derby, United Kingdom
Lucy Kean, BM BCh, DM, FRCOG Department of Obstetrics Nottingham University Hospitals Nottingham, United Kingdom
ISBN 978-3-319-42856-7 ISBN 978-3-319-42858-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42858-1
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016959591 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To Rajisha, Jaidev and Jaishna KJ To my two lovely boys and husband and to all my patients who have been the inspiration for this book LHK
Preface
Assisted reproduction treatment (ART) is increasingly used worldwide as it offers the greatest chances of success among all the fertility treatment options, regardless of the cause of infertility. Over the last two decades, there has been considerable advance in the field of ART, and its use has become more accessible worldwide. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is now almost synonymous with ARTs. It is estimated that more than five million babies have been born worldwide since the first IVF baby in 1978. In most countries, more than 1 % of the babies born are conceived by IVF, though in some IVF contributes to as many as 5 % of the national births. While most pregnancies following ART will have a normal course, some ART pregnancies are at an increased risk of maternal and fetal complications with prolonged infertility itself being associated with poorer outcomes. There are many reasons why ART pregnancies may be at higher risk, with the ris
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