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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Preparation of mulberry-like RuO2 electrode material for supercapacitors Feng Yu

, Le Pang, Hong-Xia Wang*

Received: 24 April 2020 / Revised: 24 July 2020 / Accepted: 31 July 2020 Ó The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract As a newly emerging excellent energy storage device, supercapacitors have been widely studied due to their unique advantages. Electrode material is one of the key components that determine the performance of a supercapacitor. Among the various electrode materials of supercapacitors, RuO2 has attracted great attention in the scientific community due to its high theoretical energy storage capability and excellent stability. However, most RuO2 materials suffer the problem of low specific surface area, causing a much lower actual capacitance value compared to the theoretical performance of the material. In this work, a mulberry-like RuO2 electrode material with large specific surface area (159.4 m2
g-1) was successfully synthesized by a facial hydrothermal method. The electrochemical characterization has shown that the RuO2 possesses a high specific capacitance of 400 F
g-1 at a current density of 0.2 A
g-1 and good capacitance retention rate of 84.7% after 6000 charge/discharge cycles under a current density of 10 A
g-1. The energy densities and power densities of the RuO2-AC supercapacitor vary from 25.0 to 11.7 Wh
kg-1 and 160 to 10,560 W
kg-1 at current density ranging from 0.2 to 10.0 A
g-1, respectively.

Feng Yu and Le Pang contributed equally to this work. F. Yu, L. Pang, H.-X. Wang* School of Chemistry and Physics, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia e-mail: [email protected] F. Yu School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Keywords Mulberry-like RuO2; Transition metal oxide; Supercapacitors

1 Introduction The demand for the high-energy storage devices is driven by the hunger for energy in all walks of life, especially in the context of depletion of fossil fuels. Among the various energy storage technologies, supercapacitors have received much attention due to their distinctive advantages over other types of energy storage devices [1]. Compared with traditional capacitors and batteries, supercapacitors have many irreplaceable advantages such as shorter charge and discharge time, broader temperature range for device operation and longer cycle capability [2–4]. They are complementary to traditional electrochemical batteries and have a broad range of applications [5]. The electrode material is one of the key components that affect the performance of a supercapacitor [6–8]. So far, researches on electrode materials have mainly focused on three different types of active materials including carbon-based materials, conductive polymers and transition metal compound materials [9]. Conducti