Protection of Phaseolus vulgaris L. from Herbicide 2,4-D Results from Exposing Seeds to Humic Acid
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Protection of Phaseolus vulgaris L. from Herbicide 2,4-D Results from Exposing Seeds to Humic Acid Murat Aydin1 · Esra Arslan2 · Esma Yigider1 · Mahmut Sinan Taspinar1 · Guleray Agar2 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world’s most significant and basic legume crop for people diet. The intense use of the herbicides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in bean planting areas can lead to a number of toxicological issues. To prevent such damages, humic acid (HA) may be used to increase plant development by improving nutrient uptake and to play a protecting role against stresses by regulating the antioxidative system of plants. Hence, the aim of the current study was to investigate the impacts of HA on DNA damage levels and DNA methylation changes against 2,4-D stress in the bean. HA treatments were applied to bean seedlings, and the 2,4-D was sprayed on the three-to-four-leaf stages at 2,4-D dose. We used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for determining the changes in DNA damage and coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) for DNA methylation changes. According to results, while the genomic template stability (GTS) decreased in the 2,4-D (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) treatments, this value increased comparatively in the 2,4-D applied together with HA (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg/L) treatments. In CRED-RA patterns, as the HA doses were increased, there was generally a decrease in polymorphism rates (DNA methylation changes) caused by 2,4-D applications. Our results have clearly demonstrated that HA has a curative effect up to a level against genotoxic and DNA methylation changes caused by 2,4-D. Keywords 2,4-D · DNA damage · DNA methylation · Genomic template stability · Humic acid
1 Introduction Humic substance (HS) is the most active substance of humus which provides the organic substances to the soil. They comprise of accumulation of decaying plant debris and occur as brown layer in surface soil. HS affects soil fertility, soil chemistry and physical properties [1]. HS may be divided into three sections: humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and humin. HA has the highest molecular weight among these groups, and it has been reported that it positively affects the growth and development of the plant due to including hormonelike substances [2, 3]. HA has similar effects to auxin and cytokinin [4], and it increases indole acetic acid (IAA) in
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Mahmut Sinan Taspinar [email protected]
1
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
plants despite at low rates [5]. HA is used in agriculture for enrichment of the soil since long years. HA-related studies gave insight on subjects such as modeling [6], absorption mechanism [7], bonding properties [8], stability constants [9] and kinetics
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