Quantum Mechanical Models of Metal Surfaces and Nanoparticles
This book proposes two simple quantum mechanical models for the analytical description of metal surfaces and nanoparticles. It gives an ostensive picture of the forces acting in a metal surface and deduces analytical formulae for the description of their
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Wolfgang Gräfe
Quantum Mechanical Models of Metal Surfaces and Nanoparticles 123
SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8884
Wolfgang Gräfe
Quantum Mechanical Models of Metal Surfaces and Nanoparticles
123
Wolfgang Gräfe Berlin Germany
ISSN 2191-530X ISSN 2191-5318 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology ISBN 978-3-319-19763-0 ISBN 978-3-319-19764-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19764-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015941358 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Author(s) 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
In this book I consider two simple quantum mechanical models of metal surfaces. It is the aim to give an ostensive picture of the forces acting in a metal surface and to deduce analytical formulae for the description of their physical properties. The starting points of my approach to the surface physics were strength and fatigue limit. As the cause of these features I consider a near-surface stress with the dimension of a force per area. In this book I explain the relation between the near-surface stress and the familiar surface parameters. In order to make the understanding of my theory easier I have applied the concept of the separation of the three-dimensional body into three one-dimensional subsystems. This book has been written for experts and newcomers in the field of surface physics. Wolfgang Gräfe
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Acknowledgments
Without the patience and without the care of my wife Herta I would not have accomplished this book.
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Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Electrocapillarity of Liquids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Surface Free Energy and Surface Stress of Solids . . . 1.3 The Estance or the Su
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